Influence of Cd and Cr substitutions on the magnetization and permeability of magnesium ferrites

Magnetization and permeability of polycrystalline ferrites with general formula Cd_xMg_1−xFe_2−yCr_yO₄ (x=0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0; y=0, 0.05 and 0.10) were studied. Study of saturation magnetization reveals that the Neel's two-sublattice model exists upto x=0.4, for y=0, 0.05 and 0.1 and a three-sublattice model (YK-model) is predominant for x>0.4 and y=0, 0.05 and 0.10. The saturation magnetization and magnetic moment were found to decrease with the increase in Cr³⁺ contents, which is attributed to the dilution of B–B site interaction. Variation of initial permeability with temperature revealed the long-range ferromagnetic ordering in the compounds with x=0.4. The sample with x?0.4 and y=0, 0.05 and 0.10 showed peaking behavior near Curie temperature, which is attributed to the decrease of anisotropy constant K₁ to zero. Low-frequency dispersion of initial permeability suggests domain wall displacement. Addition of Cd²⁺ resulted in a sharp decrease in Curie temperature. With the addition of Cr³⁺, initial permeability was found to decrease.     

Ionic conductivity enhancement of PVA: carboxymethyl cellulose poly-blend electrolyte films through the doping of NaI salt

Cellulose - In this paper, we report the effect of doping sodium iodide (NaI) salt into a polymer blend matrix of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). Solution...     

Spectrophotometric determination of vanadium(V) in minerals, steels, soil and biological samples using phenothiazine derivatives.

Two simple, rapid and sensitive spectrophotometric methods have been proposed for the determination of vanadium(V) using butaperazine dimaleate (BPD) and propionyl promazine phosphate (PPP). These methods are based on the formation of red-colored radical cations on reaction with vanadium(V) in phosphoric acid medium, with their absorbance maxima at 513 nm. Beer's law is valid over the concentration range of 0.25-5.0 micrograms ml-1 and 0.2-4.0 micrograms ml-1, with Sandell's sensitivity values of 6.1 ng cm-2 and 6.0 ng cm-2 for BPD and PPP respectively. The proposed methods have been successfully applied to the analysis of vanadium steels, minerals, biological samples and soil samples.     

Acetylation of alcohols and phenols under solvent-free conditions using iron zirconium phosphate

Iron zirconium phosphate (ZPFe) nanoparticles were found to function as an efficient catalyst for the acetylation of a wide range of alcohols and phenols using acetic anhydride, generating good to excellent yields under solvent‐free conditions. The steric and electronic properties of various sub‐strates had a significant influence on the reaction conditions required to achieve the acetylation. The catalyst used in the current study was characterized by inductively coupled plasma‐optical emission spectrometry, X‐ray diffraction, N2 adsorption‐desorption, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. These analyses revealed that the interlayer distance in the catalyst increased from 7.5 to 9.3 ? when Fe3+was intercalated between the layers, whereas the crystallinity of the material was reduced. This nanocatalyst could also be recovered and reused at least six times without any discernible decrease in its catalytic activity. This new method for the acetylation of alcohols and phenols has several important advantages, including mild and environ‐mentally friendly reaction conditions, as well as good to excellent yields and a facile work‐up.     

Spectrophotometric determination of cerium(IV) using a phenothiazine derivative.

A simple, rapid and sensitive spectrophotometric method has been proposed for the determination of cerium(IV) using a phenothiazine derivative, propionyl promazine phosphate (PPP). This method is based on the formation of a red-colored radical cation upon a reaction of PPP with cerium(IV) in a phosphoric acid medium having maximum absorbance at 513 nm. Beer's law is valid over the concentration range of 1-11 microg/ml with a Sandell's sensitivity value of 16.14 ng/cm2. The proposed method has been successfully applied to the analysis of magnesium-base cerium alloys and synthetic mixtures corresponding to various cerium alloys. Other phenothiazine derivatives viz. butaperazine dimaleate and propericiazine were also used for the determination of cerium(IV).     

On dual Bernstein polynomials and stochastic fractional integro-differential equations

In recent years, random functional or stochastic equations have been reported in a large class of problems. In many cases, an exact analytical solution of such equations is not available and, therefore, is of great importance to obtain their numerical approximation. This study presents a numerical technique based on Bernstein operational matrices for a family of stochastic fractional integro-differential equations (SFIDE) by means of the trapezoidal rule. A relevant feature of this method is the conversion of the SFIDE into a linear system of algebraic equations that can be analyzed by numerical methods. An upper error bound, the convergence, and error analysis of the scheme are investigated. Three examples illustrate the accuracy and performance of the technique.