The use of water-soluble phthalocyanines as textile dyes in nylon/elastane fabric: fastness and antibacterial effectiveness

This work reports on dyeing of nylon/elastane fabric with water-soluble phthalocyanines ( 1-4 ) bearing quinoline 5-sulfonic acid substituents on the peripheral or nonperipheral positions and determining the antibacterial efficiency of the phthalocyanine compounds and the dyed nylon/elastane fabrics. The light, washing, water, perspiration, and rubbing fastness properties of nylon/elastane fabrics dyed with phthalocyanines were also determined. The results showed that all dyed fabrics showed very good wet fastness values. The lightfastness value of the nylon/elastane fabric dyed with phthalocyanine dye ( 1 ) showed a much better value than the others. Also, the antibacterial efficiencies of the dyed nylon fabrics and the dye compounds were investigated against a gram-negative ( Escherichia coli ) and a grampositive ( Staphylococcus aureus ) bacteria by using disc diffusion method. The results showed that the dyed nylon/elastane fabrics and the compounds exhibited antibacterial activities against both bacteria.     

The effect of clay morphology on water relaxation

The frequency dependence of the permittivity of water in calcium kaolinite (clay) is measured. It is shown that two mechanisms contribute to dipole relaxation of water. One refers to water in the free volume of pores in the clay. The other is associated with bound water covering the porous surface. Experimental data are treated in terms of a fractal model of the medium. The frequency dependence of the permittivity in a wide range of water content in the clay is accounted for theoretically.     

Coagulation and Flocculation Purification of Fat- and Protein-Containing Disperse Systems

Procedure for treatment of wastewater with a coagulant (aluminum sulfate) and anionic flocculants to remove fats and proteins was studied The purification efficiency was evaluated from the flocculation parameters.     

SOME CENTRAL LIMIT THEOREMS FOR SUPER BROWNIAN MOTION

The author proves a central limit theorem for the critical super Brownian motion, which leads to a Gaussian random field. In the transient case the limitingfield is the same as that obtained by Dawson (1977). In the recurrent case it is aspatially uniform field. The author also give a central limit theorem for the weightedoccupation time of the super Brownian motion with underlying dimension numberd 3, completing the results of Iscoe (1986).     

独居石微晶玻璃中玻璃相含量的红外光谱定量测定

独居石微晶玻璃由偏磷酸盐玻璃和独居石两相组成。玻璃和独居石的红外吸收谱带彼此不相重叠,且1275和616cm~(-1)谱带的吸收强度随玻璃相的含量变化而变化。两谱带的对数吸光度比值与玻璃相含量(w％)的相关系数r=0.9975,其回归方程为y=48.356 25.93x。合成独居石的IR谱中952和616cm~(-1)谱带的吸光度比值也随不同的Ce_2O_3/La_2O_3比值规律变化。其r=0.9917,回归方程为y=0.2211exp(0.0221x)。高的相关性表明IR技术可在磷酸盐微晶玻璃物相定量分析中得到实际应用。     

Medium and interfacial effects in the multistep reduction of binuclear complexes with robson-type ligand

We present a combined experimental and computational approach to the modeling and prediction of reactivity in multistep processes of heterogeneous electron transfer. The approach is illustrated by the study of a Robson-type binuclear complex (-Cu(II)-Cu(II)-) undergoing four-electron reduction in aqueous media and water-acetonitrile mixtures. The observed effects of solvent, pH, buffer capacity, and supporting electrolyte are discussed in the framework of a general reaction scheme involving two main routes; one of them includes protonation of intermediate species. The main three problems are addressed on the basis of modern charge transfer theory: (1) the effect of the nature of reactant and intermediate species (protonated/deprotonated, bare or associated with supporting anion/solvent molecule) on the standard redox potential, the electronic transmission coefficient, and the intramolecular reorganization; (2) possible effect of protonation on the shape of the reaction free energy surfaces which are built using the Anderson Hamiltonian; (3) electron transfer across an adsorbed chloride anion. Quantum chemical calculations were performed at the density functional theory level.     

Geometric characteristics of micellar systems as precursors of lanthanide-containing lyotropic mesophases

The formation of three-dimensional micellar structures was studied. The structures are precursors of lyotropic mesophases based on the nonionic surfactant, lanthanide nitrates, and water. The geometric parameters and configurations of the micellar structures were determined. Good agreement between experimental data and the results of quantum chemical calculations was obtained. Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 1, pp. 55–59, January, 2007.     

Cysteine adsorption on the Au(111) surface and the electron transfer in configuration of a scanning tunneling microscope: A quantum-chemical approach

Adsorption of two forms, molecule and radical, of amino acid L-cysteine (Cys) on the Au₁₂ cluster that simulates the (111) face of single-crystal gold is studied in the framework of the density functional theory. Effects of solvation of adsorbed Cys particles and lateral interaction in a monolayer are analyzed. The simulation predicts a commensurate adsorption energetics of the molecule and radical, with a difference between the “on-top,” “hollow,” and “bridge” positions. An analysis of lateral electrostatic interactions points to the stability of a cluster comprising six Cys particles, which conforms to the size of a fragment observed experimentally. Adsorption calculations are used to build three-dimensional isosurfaces (STM images), where the tungsten needle of the scanning tunneling microscope is simulated by a tungsten atom or by small clusters. The calculated images are sensitive to both the Cys shape and the orientation of adsorbed Cys particles. Calculation results are compared with fresh in situ submolecular-resolution STM data. Simulated images (with commensurate contributions made by sulfur atom and amino group) built for Cys radical adsorbed in the “on-top” position give best conformance to experiment.