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We discuss the notion of spin squeezing considering two mutually exclusive classes of spin-s states, namely, oriented and non-oriented states. Our analysis shows that the oriented states are not squeezed while non-oriented
states exhibit squeezing. We also present a new scheme for construction of spin-s states using 2s spinors oriented along different axes. Taking the case of s=1, we show that the ‘non-oriented’ nature and hence squeezing arise from the intrinsic quantum correlations that exist among
the spinors in the coupled state. 相似文献
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P. N. Manoudis I. Karapanagiotis A. Tsakalof I. Zuburtikudis B. Kolinkeová C. Panayiotou 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2009,97(2):351-360
A very simple method that can be used to impart superhydrophobicity to stone surfaces of monuments using common and low-cost
materials that are already employed or are easy to be found by conservators is presented. A siloxane-nanoparticle dispersion
is sprayed on a stone, and this process can result in the formation of a rough two-length-scale hierarchical structure that
exhibits water repellent properties, provided that the nanoparticle concentration in the dispersion is higher than a critical
value. Superhydrophobicity (static contact angle >150° and contact angle hysteresis <7°) is achieved, by this simple method
(i) on the surfaces of three types of stones, Opuka, Božanovsky and Hořicky, which have been used for the restoration of the
castle of Prague, (ii) using two poly (alkyl siloxane) products such as Rhodorsil 224 and Porosil VV plus, which are utilized
by conservators and (iii) using common nanoparticles such as silica (SiO2), alumina (Al2O3), tin oxide (SnO2) and titanium oxide (TiO2). It is shown that the stone substrate and the nanoparticle size (5–50 nm) or type have almost no effect on the wettability
of the superhydrophobic surfaces, as comparable contact angles were measured on the three stone substrates, treated with any
siloxane-particle composite. Treatments of the stones with pure (hydrophobic) siloxanes and siloxane-SiO2 (superhydrophobic) composites result in comparable reductions of the water vapor permeability and the water amounts absorbed
by capillarity. Consequently, the use of nanoparticles in the protective coatings does not have any obvious effect on the
results of the aforementioned tests. However, the aesthetic appearance of the three stones, included in this study, is highly
affected by the nanoparticles. 相似文献
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Thomas Fenzl Chadi Touma Christoph PN Romanowski Jörg Ruschel Florian Holsboer Rainer Landgraf Mayumi Kimura Alexander Yassouridis 《BMC neuroscience》2011,12(1):29
Background
Neuronal mechanisms underlying affective disorders such as major depression (MD) are still poorly understood. By selectively breeding mice for high (HR), intermediate (IR), or low (LR) reactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis, we recently established a new genetic animal model of extremes in stress reactivity (SR). Studies characterizing this SR mouse model on the behavioral, endocrine, and neurobiological levels revealed several similarities with key endophenotypes observed in MD patients. HR mice were shown to have changes in rhythmicity and sleep measures such as rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) and non-REM sleep (NREMS) as well as in slow wave activity, indicative of reduced sleep efficacy and increased REMS. In the present study we were interested in how far a detailed spectral analysis of several electroencephalogram (EEG) parameters, including relevant frequency bands, could reveal further alterations of sleep architecture in this animal model. Eight adult males of each of the three breeding lines were equipped with epidural EEG and intramuscular electromyogram (EMG) electrodes. After recovery, EEG and EMG recordings were performed for two days. 相似文献5.
Superhydrophobic composite films produced on various substrates 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Manoudis PN Karapanagiotis I Tsakalof A Zuburtikudis I Panayiotou C 《Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids》2008,24(19):11225-11232
Hydrophilic silica (SiO2) nanoparticles were dispersed in solutions of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and in solutions of a commercial poly(alkyl siloxane) (Rhodorsil 224), and the suspensions were sprayed on glass surfaces. The effect of the particle concentration on the hydrophobic character of PMMA-SiO2 and Rhodorsil-SiO2 films was investigated and showed the following: (i) Static contact angles (theta s), measured on surfaces that were prepared from dilute dispersions (particle concentration <1% w/v), increase rapidly with particle concentration and reach maximum values (154 and 164 degrees for PMMA-SiO2 and siloxane-SiO2, respectively). Further increases in particle concentration do not have any effect on theta s. (ii) The effect of particle concentration on the contact angle hysteresis (thetaAlpha - thetaR) is more complicated: as the particle concentration increases, we first notice an increase in hysteresis, which then decreases and finally becomes constant at elevated particle concentrations. The lowest thetaAlpha - thetaR values were 5 degrees for PMMA-SiO2 and 3 degrees for siloxane-SiO2, respectively. (iii) SEM and AFM images show that a two-length-scale hierarchical structure is formed on the surface of the superhydrophobic films. It is demonstrated that superhydrophobicity can be achieved using various hydrophilic nanoparticles (alumina and tin oxide nanoparticles were successfully tested) and that the substrate has almost no effect on the hydrophobic character of the applied coatings, which were produced on silicon, concrete, aluminum, silk, wood, marble, and of course glass. The results are discussed in light of Wenzel and Cassie-Baxter models. 相似文献
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MK Hossain-Ibrahim K Rezajooi JK MacNally MRJ Mason AR Lieberman PN Anderson 《BMC neuroscience》2006,7(1):8-21
Background
Inflammation around cell bodies of primary sensory neurons and retinal ganglion cells enhances expression of neuronal growth-associated genes and stimulates axonal regeneration. We have asked if inflammation would have similar effects on corticospinal neurons, which normally show little response to spinal cord injury. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was applied onto the pial surface of the motor cortex of adult rats with or without concomitant injury of the corticospinal tract at C4. Inflammation around corticospinal tract cell bodies in the motor cortex was assessed by immunohistochemistry for OX42 (a microglia and macrophage marker). Expression of growth-associated genes c-jun, ATF3, SCG10 and GAP-43 was investigated by immunohistochemistry or in situ hybridisation. 相似文献7.
Ioannis Karapanagiotis Panagiotis N. Manoudis Achilleas Savva Costas Panayiotou 《Surface and interface analysis : SIA》2012,44(7):870-875
Hydrophilic alumina (Al2O3) nanoparticles (25, 35, and 150 nm) are dispersed in different concentrations in solutions of a commercial hydrophobic poly(alkyl siloxane) (Silres BS‐290), and the suspensions are sprayed on glass surfaces. Static contact angles (θS), measured on surfaces of siloxane‐nanoparticle composite films that were prepared from dilute dispersions, increase rapidly with particle concentration. Composite films prepared from concentrated dispersions exhibit a maximum, constant θS (at saturation θS is 160°), which is not affected by the size of the particles. These films exhibit also very small contact angle hysteresis (5°), which is also independent of the particle size. Consequently, the same superhydrophobic character can be induced in siloxane films using nanoparticles, which can range from a few up to several tenths of nanometers. However, the particle size and more precisely the particle specific surface area affects dramatically the minimum critical particle concentration, which must be used in the dispersions to induce superhydrophobicity on the surface of the composite films, that is, to achieve θS = 150°. It is shown that critical particle concentration decreases exponentially with specific surface area. This result can be important for manufacturers of superhydrophobic surfaces who are interested in having a good control on the wettability of the composite films. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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