关于Hirota-Satsuma系统初值问题的局部和整体适定性

本文利用ＫＤＶ方程所对应的线性方程解所具有的光滑效应及压缩映像原理,得到了Ｈｉｒｏｔａ－Ｓａｔｓｕｍａ系统初值问题的局部和整体适定性结果．     

Overlapping B3Π0u ← X1Σ g/+ and 1Π1u ← X1Σ g/+ non-radiative characteristic of Br2 vapour in the wavelength region 505–541 nm

The vibronic vapour phase photoacoustic spectrum of Br₂ in the wavelength region 505–541 nm (19796–18480 cm⁻¹) has been recorded using microphone as well as pump-probe method. Discrete vibronic bands superimposed on a monotonically increasing continuum background towards the dissociation limit results from the overlapping B ³Π _0u ^/+ ← X ¹Σ _g ^/+ and ¹Π_1u ← X ¹Σ _g ^/+ electronic transitions. Vibronic bands originating from υ″=0 have been used to estimate the relative rate of non-radiative relaxation as a function of the excited state B ³Π_0u vibrational quantum number υ′. A comparison with the optical absorption spectroscopy of Br₂ leads to the identification of three broad spectral regions between 505 and 541 nm (19796 and 18480 cm⁻¹) on the basis of different non-radiative relaxation processes.     

Multicolor microwave-triggered metal-enhanced chemiluminescence

We describe a novel platform technology for both significantly enhancing and obtaining chemiluminescence signatures "on-demand", subsequently named Microwave-Triggered Metal-Enhanced Chemiluminescence. By combining the use of silver nanoparticles to plasmon enhance chemiluminescence with the use of low power microwaves to localize heating around the nanostructures, we can both optically amplify and trigger chemiluminescence reactions. This approach is a significant advantage over traditional chemiluminescence techniques and methodologies, such as those used for Western Blots, which typically require long periods of time to collect chemiluminescence and offer few possibilities of optically amplifying the signatures.     

Metal-enhanced phosphorescence: interpretation in terms of triplet-coupled radiating plasmons

We report our detailed metal-enhanced phosphorescence (MEP) findings using Rose Bengal at low temperature. Silver Island Films (SiFs) in close proximity to Rose Bengal significantly enhance the phosphorescence emission intensity. In this regard, a 5-fold brighter phosphorescence intensity of Rose Bengal was observed from SiFs as compared to a glass control sample at 77 K. In addition, several factors affecting MEP, such as distance dependence and silver film morphology, were also investigated. Our findings suggest that both singlet and triplet states can couple to surface plasmons and enhance both fluorescence and phosphorescence yields. This finding suggests that MEP can be used to promote triplet-based assays, such as those used in photodynamic therapy.     

Angular-dependent metal-enhanced fluorescence from silver colloid-deposited films: opportunity for angular-ratiometric surface assays

We describe an exciting opportunity for Metal-Enhanced Fluorescence (MEF)-based surface assays using an angular-ratiometric approach to the observed enhanced emission from fluorophores in close proximity to silver colloids deposited on glass substrates. This approach utilizes the radiationless energy transfer (coupling) between the excited states of the fluorophore and the induced surface plasmons of the silver colloids, and the subsequent angular-dependent fluorescence emission from the fluorophore-silver colloid system. Since MEF is related to surface plasmons' ability to scatter light, angular-dependent light scattering from three different silvered surfaces and glass substrates were investigated using two common excitation angles, 45 and 90 degrees . The scattered light from silvered surfaces with a high loading was observed at wider angles on both sides of the glass substrates, while forward scattering (from the back of the glass) was dominant for the silvered surfaces with low loading, as explained by both Mie and Rayleigh theories. When silver colloids were placed between the fluorophore and glass interface, the coupled fluorescence emission through the higher refractive index glass (and in air), increased in an angular-dependent fashion, following closely the angular-dependent light scattering pattern of the silver colloids themselves. Similar observations for fluorescence emission from fluorophores deposited onto glass surfaces alone were made, but at much narrower angles on both sides of the fluorophore-glass interface and were simply explained by Lambert's cosine law. As the loading of silver on glass was increased, the enhanced fluorescence emission was observed at wider angles (towards 0 and 180 degrees ) at both sides of the silvered surfaces. Glass surfaces without silver colloids were used as control samples to demonstrate the benefits of MEF for enhancing fluorescence signatures in an elegant, angular-dependent fashion. Finally, the utility of the angular-dependent MEF phenomenon for intensity-based angular-ratiometric surface assays is demonstrated.     

First Observation of Surface Plasmon-Coupled Chemiluminescence (SPCC)

In this letter, we report the first observation of surface plasmon-coupled chemiluminescence (SPCC), where the luminescence from chemically induced electronic excited states couples to surface plasmons in a thin continuous silver film. The SPCC is highly directional and predominantly p-polarized, strongly suggesting that the emission is from surface plasmons instead of the luminophores directly themselves. This indicates that surface plasmons can be directly excited from chemically induced excited states. With a wealth of assays that employ chemiluminescence based detection currently in use, then our findings suggest new chemiluminescence sensing strategies based on localized, directional and polarized chemiluminescence detection.     

Microwave-Triggered Metal-Enhanced Chemiluminescence (MT-MEC): Application to Ultra-fast and Ultra-sensitive Clinical Assays

In this rapid communication we describe a new approach to protein detection with chemiluminescence. By combining common practices in protein detection with chemiluminescence, microwave technology, and metal-enhanced chemiluminescence, we show that we can use low power microwaves to substantially increase enzymatic chemiluminescent reaction rates on metal substrates. As a result, we have found that we can in essence trigger chemiluminescence with low power microwave (Mw) pulses and ultimately, perform on-demand protein detection assays. Using microwave triggered metal-enhanced chemiluminescence (MT-MEC), we not only improve the sensitivity of immunoassays with enhanced signal-to-noise ratios, but we also show that we can accurately quantify protein concentrations by integrating the photon flux for discrete time intervals.     

Multicolor directional surface plasmon-coupled chemiluminescence

In reports over the past several years, we have demonstrated the efficient collection of optically excited fluorophore emission by its coupling to surface plasmons on thin metallic films, where the coupled luminescence was highly directional and polarized. This phenomenon is referred to as surface plasmon-coupled emission (SPCE). In this current study, we have extended this technique to include chemiluminescing species and subsequentially now report the observation of surface plasmon-coupled chemiluminescence (SPCC), where the luminescence from chemically induced electronic excited states couples to surface plasmons in thin continuous metal films. The SPCC is highly directional and predominantly p-polarized, strongly suggesting that the emission is from surface plasmons instead of the luminophores themselves. This indicates that surface plasmons can be directly excited from chemically induced electronic excited states and excludes the possibility that the plasmons are created by incident excitation light. This phenomenon has been observed for a variety of chemiluminescent species in the visible spectrum, ranging from blue to red, and also on a variety of metals, namely, aluminum, silver, and gold. Our findings suggest new chemiluminescence sensing strategies on the basis of localized, directional, and polarized chemiluminescence detection, especially given the wealth of assays that currently employ chemiluminescence-based detection.     

Metal-Enhanced Fluorescence from Gold Surfaces: Angular Dependent Emission

The first observation of Metal-Enhanced Fluorescence (MEF) from large gold colloids is presented. Gold colloids, 40 and 200 nm diameter, were deposited onto glass substrates in a homogeneous fashion. The angular-dependent fluorescence emission of FITC-HSA, adsorbed onto gold colloids, was measured on a rotating stage which was used to evaluate MEF at all spatial angles. The emission intensity of FITC-HSA was found to be up to 2.5-fold brighter than the emission on bare glass substrates at an angle of 270 degrees. This is explained by the Radiating Plasmon Model, whereby the combined system, composed of the fluorophore and the metal colloids, emits with the photophysical characteristics of the fluorophore, after the excitation and the partial radiationless energy transfer between the excited states of the fluorophore and the surface plasmons of the gold colloids. The fluorescence enhancement was found to be higher with 200 nm gold colloids as compared to 40 nm colloids due to the increased contribution of the scattering portion of the 200 nm gold colloid extinction spectrum. These observations suggest that gold colloids could be used in MEF applications, offering more stable surfaces than the commonly used silvered surfaces, for applications requiring longer term storage and use.     

Microwave-accelerated metal-enhanced fluorescence: an ultra-fast and sensitive DNA sensing platform

In this paper, we investigated the effects of low-power microwave heating on the components of the recently described new approach to surface DNA hybridization assays, based on the Microwave-Accelerated Metal-Enhanced Fluorescence (MAMEF) platform technology. Thiolated oligonucleotides have been linked to surface-bound silver nanostructures which partially coat a glass slide. The addition of a complementary fluorescein-labeled oligonucleotide results in metal-enhanced fluorescein emission as the probe is brought into close proximity to the silver upon hybridization. In addition, the combined use with low-power microwave heating, which is thought to locally heat around the silvered surface, affords for both the assay kinetics and optical amplification to also be localized to the surface. In our model DNA target assay reported here, we can detect 23-mer targets in less than 20 s, up to a 600-fold decrease in the assay run time as compared to control samples hybridized to completion at room temperature. Importantly, the use of MAMEF also reduces the extent of unwanted non-specific DNA absorption, further increasing specific DNA target detection limits. It was also found that low-power microwave heating did not denature DNA and the bulk temperature increase near to silver nanoparticles was only ca. 1 degrees C.