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1.
Bending of optical fiber leads to an induced-anisotropy in the index profile that influences many important guiding fiber parameters. An analytical method is described for the measurement of refractive-index-wavelength dispersion in bent optical fibers. Multiple-beam Fizeau fringes technique at transmission is used to analyze the opto-mechanical properties and induced-index anisotropy in a standard single-mode fiber undergoes pure mechanical macrobending. The shift in Fizeau fringes is employed to evaluate the dispersion of the cladding material of the bent fiber. The radial variations in Cauchy’s coefficients and the associated variations of some fiber parameters due to macrobending are carried out. The radial profiles of some material parameters such as oscillation energy, dispersion energy, lattice energy and material dispersion are measured as well. The presented method is capable to achieve quantitative and qualitative measurements, which is not available with other methods. The method has a good index resolution in the order of 10−4 and spatial resolution of 1.3 μm. 相似文献
2.
V. Balek T. Mitsuhashi I.M. Bountseva H. Haneda Z. Malek J. Šubrt 《Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology》2003,26(1-3):185-189
The diffusion structural analysis (DSA) was used to characterize microstructure changes of hydrous titania gel films under in situ conditions of heating. TG and DTA were used in order to elucidate the processes controlling the formation of anatase film during heating of hydrous titania gel film. The annealing of porosity and near surface structure defects of the dehydrated titania films was indicated by DSA in the temperature range 255–700°C as the decrease of radon release rate. It was demonstrated that the annealing was enhanced on heating in oxygen in comparison with heating in argon. The DSA experimental results were compared with model curves describing the radon diffusion mobility and the annealing of radon diffusion paths. 相似文献
3.
A review of the optimal stopping problem with more than a single decision maker (DM) is presented in this paper. We classify
the existing literature according to the arrival of the offers, the utility of the DMs, the length of the sequence of offers,
the nature of the game and the number of offers to be selected. We enumerate various definitions for this problem and describe
some dynamic approaches.
Fouad Ben Abdelaziz is on leave from the Institut Superieur de Gestion, University of Tunis, Tunisia e-mail: foued.benabdelaz@isg.run.tn. 相似文献
4.
P. Budrugeac J. M. Criado F. J. Gotor J. Malek L. A. Prez‐Maqueda E. Segal 《国际化学动力学杂志》2004,36(6):309-315
The isoconversional method suggested by Friedman and the invariant kinetic parameters method (IKP) were used in order to examine the kinetics of the nonisothermal crystallization of (GeS2)0.3(Sb2S3)0.7. The objective of the paper is to show the usefulness of the IKP method both for determining the activation parameters as well as the model of the investigated process. It was shown that the kinetic triplet [(E, A, f(α), where E is the activation energy, A is the preexponential factor, and f(α) is the differential function of conversion], which results through the application of the IKP method, depends on the set of kinetic models considered. For different sets of kinetic models, proportional values of f(α) are obtained. A criterion for the selection of this set, the use of which lead to the true kinetic triplet corresponding to the analyzed process (E = 163.2 kJ mol?1; A = 2.47 × 1012 min?1 and the Avrami‐Erofeev model, Am, for m = 2.5–2.6 was suggested. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 36: 309–315, 2004 相似文献
5.
6.
The one pot, three‐components condensation of aromatic aldehydes, hydrazine and sulfur in ethanol under microwave irradiation provided symmetrically 3,5‐disubstituted 1,3,4‐thiadiazoles in high yields and good purity. This reaction must be conducted under pressure of hydrogen sulfide produced in‐situ. The structure of the compounds was confirmed by 1H, 13C NMR, MS and elemental analysis. 相似文献
7.
A method for improving separations of peptides and other positively charged species in capillary zone electrophoresis with untreated capillaries using acidic buffers containing tetraalkylammonium cations is described. Tetramethylammonium and tetrabutylammonium cations dynamically modify the capillary surface, leading to a reversal in the direction of the electroosmotic flow. As a result, the adsorption of positively charged peptides and proteins is minimized, and resolution and peak capacity are improved as the migration of cationic analytes is counterbalanced by the electroosmotic flow. The combining effect of reversing electroosmotic flow and cyclodextrin inclusion complexation on separations of closely related peptides and a protein mixture, as well as tryptic digest of hemoglobin is demonstrated. 相似文献
8.
Reactions of anions derived from chiral nonracemic allyl, crotyl, and cinnamyl bicyclic C(2)-symmetrical phosphonamides with alpha, beta-unsaturated cyclic ketones, esters, lactones, and lactams take place at the gamma-position of the reagents. The products are diastereomerically pure or enriched beta-substituted carbonyl compounds. The method also provides easy access to vicinal substitution of as many as three stereogenic centers including in some cases quaternary carbon atoms, in a one-pot sequence. 相似文献
9.
Fouad M. Soliman Medhat M. Said Soher S. Maigali 《Monatshefte für Chemie / Chemical Monthly》2005,33(7):241-251
Niclosamide reacts with secondary amines and formaldehyde under the condition of Mannich reaction, to give new Mannich bases. The reaction of these niclosamide Mannich bases with active phosphacumulene ylides affords the corresponding phenyliminopyranone, pyranone, and pyranthione, respectively. When Wittig reaction was carried out on the pyranone, using p-nitrobenzaldehyde, a new arylidene and triphenylphosphine oxide were obtained. On the other hand, stabilized phosphonium ylides affect the transylidation of niclosamide Mannich bases to the corresponding phosphoranylidenes. When diphenylmethylenetriphenylphosphorane reacts with a niclosamide Mannich base, an oxaphosphinin was obtained. The molluscicidal potency of the newly synthesized derivatives against Biomphalaria alexandrina was studied, too. 相似文献
10.
Bruno Ameduri Bernard Boutevin Fouad Malek 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》1994,32(16):3161-3169
The synthesis of maleimides that have pyrazolic or bipyrazolic pendant groups is described. Their homopolymerization and their copolymerization with 2-chloroethyl vinyl ether (CEVE) is reported. The homopolymerizations of such maleimides were performed under various conditions and led to low molecular-weight polymers. However, alternating copolymers were obtained from CEVE as comonomers whatever the monomers feed compositions. A similar behavior was also observed for maleimides that do not exhibit any spacer, whereas for bulky vinyl ethers, random copolymers were produced. A comparison of the thermal behavior between these copolymers (glass transition temperatures, Tg, and decomposition temperatures) and other copolymers having different spacers between the nitrogenated cycles and the chain are related. Thus, an important decrease of Tg, was observed when C3H6CO2CH2 groups were used as the spacer instead of methylene groups. Moreover, the thermal weakness of these copolymers may come from the substituents of the vinyl ether and is discussed. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献