Optical methods for ecological mapping of urban areas

The results of the study of spectral characteristics of tree crops of Samara city as a method for measuring air pollutant concentrations. Even-age plantings of European white birch at ten points of Samara near main motorways were chosen as objects of study. It was shown that the ratio K of the light backscattering intensities at wavelengths of 750 and 550 nm is sensitive to pollutants and insensitive to measurement conditions. The relation between the coefficient K and the leaf chlorophyll concentration and their dependence on the total concentration of anthropogenic substances characteristic of internal-combustion engine exhausts (CO, NO₂, SO₂) were experimentally determined. The carbon oxide concentration has the strongest effect on the coefficient K. This makes it possible to apply the described method tested by the example of Samara city to ecological mapping of city territories.     

Effect of Various High-Octane Additives on Antiknock Quality of Gasolines

The possibility of manufacturing AI-92 and AI-95 high-octane blended gasolines using reformer naphthas¹, methyl tert-butyl ether, and an additive based on N-methylaniline and (methylcyclopentadienyl)manganese tricarbonyl is studied.     

Ecological monitoring of megapolis on the basis of differential backscattering control of the wood culture

The application of the differential backscattering method and the fluorescent analysis of wood cultures for the determination of ecological quality of different megapolis areas are investigated. The correlation of leaves optical characteristics with the data of the chemical analysis of leaves pigments concentration is shown on the basis of the year statistical results of wood cultures spectral characteristics observation. It is experimentally found that the method of differential backscattering allows to identify megapolis areas on their ecological level.     

Influence of structural promoters on reduction dilatograms of iron catalyst

In each reduction step, changes in the catalyst pellet volume during reduction of precipitated iron catalysts are determined by the concentration of structural promoters and the reaction temperature.

---

, , .

     

Variations in the linear size of precipitated catalysis for ammonia synthesis during their reduction and oxidation

According to dilatometric analysis data, it has been shown that at low temperatures both catalyst reduction steps are accompanied by sample expansion. With increasing temperature, the value of the expension effect decreases to zero, and after then only contraction is observed. Mild oxidation of the reduced catalyst at room temperature leads to its contraction.

---

, ( ) . , , . .