Microchip-based immunoassay system with branching multichannels for simultaneous determination of interferon-gamma

A bead-bed immunoassay system suitable for simultaneous assay of multiple samples was constructed on a microchip. The chip had branching multichannels and four reaction and detection regions; the constructed system could process four samples at a time with only one pump unit. Interferon gamma was assayed by a 3-step sandwich immunoassay with the system coupled to a thermal lens microscope as a detector. The biases of the signal intensities obtained from each channel were within 10%, and coefficients of variation were almost the same level as the single straight channel assay. The assay time for four samples was 50 min instead of 35 min for one sample in the single-channel assay; hence higher throughput was realized with the branching structure chip.     

Neutrino Reactions with Deuteron in Core-Collapse Supernova

We have investigated the neutrino reactions via deuteron in the surface region of the supernova core. We evaluate the electron capture on deuterons and the neutrino emission from nucleon-nucleon scattering through the deuteron formation and found an important role of neutrino reactions with deuteron.     

Electronic properties of CrF and CrCl in the X 6Sigma+ state: observation of the halogen hyperfine structure by Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy

The rotational spectra of the CrF and CrCl radicals in the X 6Sigma+ state were observed by employing a Fourier transform microwave spectrometer. The CrF and CrCl radicals were generated by the reaction of laser-ablated Cr with F2 and Cl2, respectively, diluted in Ar. A chromium rod made of chromium powder pasted with epoxy resin was ablated by a Nd:YAG laser. Rotational transitions were measured in the region between 8 and 26 GHz. Several hyperfine constants due to the halogen nuclei were determined by a least-squares analysis. The electronic properties of CrF and CrCl were derived from their hyperfine constants and were compared with those of other 3d transition metal monohalides: TiF, MnF, FeF, CoF, NiF, and FeCl.     

Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy of the Rg-SH(2Pi(i)) complexes (Rg:Ne, Kr): determination of the intermolecular potential energy surfaces

Pure rotational spectra of Ne-SH and Kr-SH have been studied by Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy. R-branch transitions in the lower-spin component (Omega=3/2) corresponding to a linear (2)Pi(i) radical were observed for J(")=1.5-4.5 in the region 11-25 GHz for Ne-SH and for J(")=1.5-6.5 in the region 5-20 GHz for Kr-SH, respectively, with parity doublings and hyperfine splittings associated with the H nucleus. Although the spectral pattern of Kr-SH is relatively regular, that of Ne-SH is irregular with the J dependence of the parity doublings quite different from other Rg-SH or Ar-OH complexes. Two-dimensional intermolecular potential energy surfaces (IPSs) for both of the species have been determined from the least-squares fittings of the observed rotational transitions utilizing results of high-level ab initio calculations. These IPSs reproduce the observed transition frequencies within the experimental error and provide accurate knowledge on the intermolecular interaction and internal dynamics. Systematic comparisons of Rg-SH complexes have clarified various features of this series of complexes.     

Validity of the second law in nonextensive quantum thermodynamics

The second law of thermodynamics in nonextensive statistical mechanics is discussed in the quantum regime. Making use of the convexity property of the generalized relative entropy associated with the Tsallis entropy indexed by q, Clausius' inequality is shown to hold in the range q in (0, 2]. This restriction on the range of the entropic index, q, is purely quantum mechanical and there exists no upper bound of q for validity of the second law in classical theory.     

Scale-free statistics of time interval between successive earthquakes

The statistical property of the calm times, i.e., time intervals between successive earthquakes with arbitrary values of magnitude, is studied by analyzing the seismic time series data in California and Japan. It is found that the calm times obey the Zipf–Mandelbrot power law, exhibiting a new scale-free nature of the earthquake phenomenon. Dependence of the exponent of the power-law distribution on threshold for magnitude is examined. As threshold increases, the tail of the distribution tends to become longer, showing difficulty in statistically estimating time intervals of earthquakes.     

Singular values of some modular functions

For an integer N greater than 5 and a triple \({\mathfrak{a}}=[a_{1},a_{2},a_{3}]\) of integers with the properties 0<a _i ≤N/2 and a _i ≠a _j for i≠j, we consider a modular function \(W_{\mathfrak{a}}(\tau)=\frac{\wp (a_{1}/N;L_{\tau})-\wp (a_{3}/N;L_{\tau})}{\wp (a_{2}/N;L_{\tau})-\wp(a_{3}/N;L_{\tau})}\) for the modular group Γ ₁(N), where ?(z;L _τ ) is the Weierstrass ?-function relative to the lattice L _τ generated by 1 and a complex number τ with positive imaginary part. For a pair of such triples \({\mathfrak{A}}=[{\mathfrak{a}},{\mathfrak{b}}]\) and a pair of non-negative integers F=[m,n], we define a modular function \(T_{{\mathfrak{A}},F}\) for the group Γ ₀(N) as the trace of the product \(W_{\mathfrak{a}}^{m}W_{\mathfrak{b}}^{n}\) to the modular function field of Γ ₀(N). In this article, we study the integrality of singular values of the functions \(W_{\mathfrak{a}}\) and \(T_{{\mathfrak{A}},F}\) by using their modular equations. We prove that the functions \(T_{{\mathfrak{A}},F}\) for suitably chosen \({\mathfrak{A}}\) and F generate the modular function field of Γ ₀(N), and from Shimura reciprocity and Gee–Stevenhagen method we obtain that singular values \(T_{{\mathfrak{A}},F}(\tau)\) for suitably chosen \({\mathfrak{A}}\) and F generate ring class fields. Further, we study the class polynomial of \(T_{{\mathfrak{A}},F}\) for Schertz N-system.     

On the treatment of the annihilation interaction in antiproton-nucleus collisions

We discuss how to treat the annihilation interaction in antiproton-nucleus collisions within the framework of the multiple scattering model under the constraint that real annihilation of the projectile can take place only once.     

Infrared multiphoton dissociation spectroscopic analysis of peptides and oligosaccharides by using fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry with a midinfrared free-electron laser

The fragmentation of peptides and oligosaccharides in the gas phase was investigated by means of electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometry coupled with dissociation by a laser-cleavage infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD) technique. In this technique, an IR free-electron laser is used as a tunable source of IR radiation to cause cleavage of the ionized samples introduced into the FTICR cell. The gas-phase IRMPD spectra of protonated peptides (substance P and angiotensin II) and two sodiated oligosaccharides (sialyl Lewis X and lacto-N-fucopentaose III) were obtained over the IR scan range of 5.7-9.5 microm. In the IRMPD spectra for the peptide, fragment ions are observed as y/b-type fragment ions in the range 5.7-7.5 microm, corresponding to cleavage of the backbone of the parent amino acid sequence, whereas the spectra of the oligosaccharides have major peaks in the range 8.4-9.5 microm, corresponding to photoproducts of the B/Y type.     

Analysis of the nuclear quadrupole interaction of Disulfur Dichloride, S2Cl2

Pure rotational spectra of S₂³⁵Cl₂ and S₂³⁵Cl³⁷Cl have been observed using a Fourier-transform microwave spectrometer. An analysis of the hyperfine structure made by considering the nuclear spin statistics showed that S₂Cl₂ has C₂symmetry, where the hyperfine splittings due to the two Cl nuclei were analyzed precisely. The nuclear quadrupole coupling constants including the off-diagonal (χ_ab, χ_ac, χ_bc) components and the nuclear spin–rotation interaction constants associated with the two Cl nuclei have been determined for the first time. We have shown that the nuclear quadrupole interaction plays an important role in the ortho–para mixing.