Integration of a piezoelectric transformer and an ultrasonic motor

Ultrasonic motors are usually operated at an AC voltage higher than a regular battery. This implies the need of a voltage step-up transformer. In this paper, we report the integration of a piezoelectric transformer (PT) with an ultrasonic motor and a simple drive circuit. The stator of the ultrasonic motor and the PT were operated in the same radial vibration mode. Their dimensions were very close to each other yielding nearly matching resonance frequencies. Consequently, they could be combined together without inductor. The drive circuit was designed by using a 555 timer as an astable multivibrator, and high-speed dual MOSFET drivers as a class D half-bridge switching amplifier. This integrated PT-ultrasonic motor performed reasonably without the use of electromagnetic transformer or inductor.     

The RATIO method for time‐resolved Laue crystallography

A RATIO method for analysis of intensity changes in time‐resolved pump–probe Laue diffraction experiments is described. The method eliminates the need for scaling the data with a wavelength curve representing the spectral distribution of the source and removes the effect of possible anisotropic absorption. It does not require relative scaling of series of frames and removes errors due to all but very short term fluctuations in the synchrotron beam.     

CONTROLLING THE 3D NANOSCALE ORGANIZATION OF BULK HETEROJUNCTION POLYMER SOLAR CELLS

In this study,the three dimensional nanoscale organization in the photoactive layers of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and a methanofullerene derivative (PCBM) is revealed by transmission electron tomography.After annealing treatment,either at elevated temperature or during slow solvent evaporation,nanoscale interpenetrating networks are formed with high crystalline order and favorable concentration gradients of both components through the thickness of the photoactive layer.Such a tailored morphology acco...     

Models for incomplete nucleophilic attack on a protonated carbonyl group and electron-deficient alkenes: salts and zwitterions from 1-dimethylamino-naphthalene-8-carbaldehyde

The X-ray crystal structures of salts and zwitterionic Knoevenagel products from 1-dimethylamino-naphthalene-8-carbaldehyde show long N-C bonds between peri-groups which provide models for incomplete nucleophilic attack on a protonated carbonyl group and electron-deficient alkenes respectively. For the salts the N-C bonds lie in the range 1.625-1.638 ? with C-OH bonds intermediate in length between single and double bonds, while for the zwitterions the N-C bonds lie in the range 1.612-1.660 ?. The structural assignment of the former is supported by solid state (13)C and (15)N NMR studies on doubly isotopically-labelled material. Several zwitterions were converted to naphtha[1,8-bc]azepines by a mechanism involving the tertiary amino effect.     

Models for capacitated lot-sizing problem with backlogging,setup carryover and crossover

Setup operations are significant in some production environments. It is mandatory that their production plans consider some features, as setup state conservation across periods through setup carryover and crossover. The modelling of setup crossover allows more flexible decisions and is essential for problems with long setup times. This paper proposes two models for the capacitated lot-sizing problem with backlogging and setup carryover and crossover. The first is in line with other models from the literature, whereas the second considers a disaggregated setup variable, which tracks the starting and completion times of the setup operation. This innovative approach permits a more compact formulation. Computational results show that the proposed models have outperformed other state-of-the-art formulation.     

Synthesis of Polycyclic Monothioimides via a Domino Reaction of β-Aminocycloalkenethioamides

Summary. Tricyclic cyclopenta[b]pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyridine-3,5-dione and pyrrolo[3,4-d]quinoline-3,5-diones with stable hemiaminal function or bicyclic azaspiro[4.4]nonanes and azaspiro[4.5]decanes were obtained in a domino reaction of cycloalkenecarbothioamides with maleimides. The proposed mechanism involves Michael addition, ring transformation, aqueous hydrolysis of the imine, and additional ring closure which is observed exclusively for one diastereoisomer.