On the Existence of Solutions to Vector Quasivariational Inequalities and Quasicomplementarity Problems with Applications Break to Traffic Network Equilibria

For vector quasivariational inequalities involving multifunctions in topological vector spaces, an existence result is obtained without a monotonicity assumption and with a convergence assumption weaker than semicontinuity. A new type of quasivariational inequality is proposed. Applications to quasicomplementarity problems and traffic network equilibria are considered. In particular, definitions of weak and strong Wardrop equilibria are introduced for the case of multivalued cost functions.     

Transpositions a etapes multiples d'epoxydes sesquiterpeniques—I : Action de l'acide formique sur l'epoxyde de cyperene. Correlation entre le cyperene et l'α-cedrene

Cyperene epoxide 2, on treatment with formic acid, gives about ten products of which the two major ones have been isolated and characterised. The allylic alcohol 3 is the product of an allylic rearrangement. The diol 5 is produced by a multistep rearrangement, the mechanism of which is remarkable in that the first elementary step cannot be concerted. The structure of the diol 5 has been confirmed by correlation with α-cedrene.     

Perturbative effective theory in an oscillator basis?

The effective interaction problem in nuclear physics is believed to be highly nonperturbative, requiring extended high-momentum spaces for accurate solution. We trace this to difficulties that arise at both short and long distances when the included space is defined in terms of a basis of harmonic oscillator Slater determinants. We show, in the simplest case of the deuteron, that both difficulties can be circumvented, yielding highly perturbative results in the potential even for modest (approximately 4 variant Planck's over 2pi omega) included spaces.     

Inducing anisotropy in bulk Nd-Fe-Co-Al-B nanocrystalline alloys by quenching in magnetic field

We have observed magnetic anisotropy in bulk Nd_55−xCo_xFe₃₀Al₁₀B₅ (x=10, 15 and 20) alloys prepared by copper mold suction casting method with a presence of external magnetic field (quenching field) μ₀H=0.25 T. By changing direction of the measuring field from perpendicular to parallel one in comparison with that of the quenching field, coercive force of the alloys slightly decreases while remanent magnetization and squareness of hysteresis loop increase more clearly. It is also found that the higher Co-concentration in the alloys the larger magnetic anisotropy is induced. The structure analyses manifest nanocrystalline particles embedded in residual amorphous matrix of the alloys. The size of the particles is in range of 10-30 nm and their crystalline phases consist of Nd₂(Fe,Co)₁₄B, Nd₃Co, Nd₃Al, NdAl₂ and Nd.     

Improved synthesis of tocopherol fatty alcohols and analogs: microglial activation modulators

The synthesis of tocopherol fatty alcohols (TFAs), potent microglial activation modulators, was achieved via C-alkylation of trimethylhydroquinone. Several analogs, in particular water-soluble prodrugs, have been synthesized using a Wittig reaction and their antioxidant activities have been evaluated.     

Ergodicity of scalar stochastic differential equations with Hölder continuous coefficients

It is well-known that for a one dimensional stochastic differential equation driven by Brownian noise, with coefficient functions satisfying the assumptions of the Yamada–Watanabe theorem (Yamada and Watanabe, 1971, [31,32]) and the Feller test for explosions (Feller, 1951, 1954), there exists a unique stationary distribution with respect to the Markov semigroup of transition probabilities. We consider systems on a restricted domain $D$ of the phase space $\mathbb{R}$ and study the rate of convergence to the stationary distribution. Using a geometrical approach that uses the so called free energy function on the density function space, we prove that the density functions, which are solutions of the Fokker–Planck equation, converge to the stationary density function exponentially under the Kullback–Leibler divergence, thus also in the total variation norm. The results show that there is a relation between the Bakry–Émery curvature dimension condition and the dissipativity condition of the transformed system under the Fisher–Lamperti transformation. Several applications are discussed, including the Cox–Ingersoll–Ross model and the Ait-Sahalia model in finance and the Wright–Fisher model in population genetics.     

A Method for Establishing Optimality Conditions for a Nonsmooth Vector-Valued Minimax Problem

Using a method of uniform approximations, necessary and sufficient conditions for a nonsmooth constrained vector-valued minimax problem are established in terms of Mordukhovich subdifferentials.     

Reactions of terminal polyynes with benzyl azide

Terminal di-, tri-, tetra-, and pentaynes substituted with a variety of functional groups react with benzyl azide in the presence of CuSO(4)·5H(2)O and ascorbic acid to give derivatives of 4-ethynyl-, 4-butadiynyl-, 4-hexatriynyl-, and 4-octatetraynyl-1,2,3-triazoles in moderate to good yields. These reactions appear to proceed regioselectively, and functionalization occurs exclusively at the terminal alkyne moiety. As well, no evidence of multiple azide additions to the polyyne framework is observed. X-ray crystallographic analysis of nine derivatives is used to document the regioselectivity of the reaction as well as outline structural characteristics of the 1,2,3-triazole products.     

越南火龙果冷藏现状分析

随着全球化经济的快速发展,食品冷藏技术日益重要.文中综述了越南火龙果的现有冷藏技术及其存在的问题,并提出解决方案.     

Determination of microelement distribution in different components of soil-plant systems

The leaves, stem, and roots of two types of shrubs (tea (Camellia sinensis) and sweet leaf (Sauropus androgynus)) and two types of herbs (vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides L. Nash) and maize (Zea mays L)) and the Thucuc soil where the plants were growing were collected to be studied. The contents of 22 elements in the samples were determined by three methods: X-Ray fluorescence analysis (XRFA), gamma activation analysis (GAA), and the tracking method to study the distribution of these elements in plants and the soil-plant relationship. This study was carried out at the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions (FLNR), Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Dubna, Russia. The distribution of the elements in the soil-plant system was studied.