Demonstration of a Ni-like Kr optical-field-ionization collisional soft x-ray laser at 32.8 nm

We report the first experimental demonstration of a Ni-like optical-field ionization collisional soft x-ray laser. The amplifying medium is generated by focusing a circularly polarized 760 mJ, 30 fs, 10-Hz Ti:sapphire laser beam in a few mm cell filled with krypton. We have measured a gain coefficient of 78 cm(-1) on the 3d(9)4d 1S0-3d(9)4p(1)P1 transition at 32.8 nm, which is here amplified for the first time. This radiation source represents the shortest wavelength optical-field ionization collisional soft x-ray laser ever produced. The influence of the gas pressure and the pumping energy on the lasing output are also presented.     

Homogeneous focusing with a transient soft X-ray laser for irradiation experiments

We report the work done on a transient soft X-ray laser (SXRL) beam to deliver a proper extreme UV irradiation source for applications. The same optical tool was first demonstrated on a quasi stationnary state (QSS) soft X-Ray laser at the PALS Institute in Prague. The problem set by the transient soft X-Ray laser developed by the LIXAM at the LULI installation in Palaiseau is more crucial, first because the beam spatial profile is more irregular secondly because high repetition rate soft X-ray laser facilities in the future are based on this SXRL type. The spots obtained show a 20 micron average diameter and a rather homogeneous and smooth profile that make them a realistic irradiation source to interact with targets requiring relatively high fluence (near 1 J/cm²) or intensity (near 10¹¹ W/cm²) in the extreme UV domain.     

Study of the nitric oxide system in the rat cerebellum during aging

Background  

The cerebellum is the neural structure with the highest levels of nitric oxide, a neurotransmitter that has been proposed to play a key role in the brain aging, although knowledge concerning its contribution to cerebellar senescence is still unclear, due mainly to absence of integrative studies that jointly evaluate the main factors involved in its cell production and function. Consequently, in the present study, we investigate the expression, location, and activity of nitric oxide synthase isoenzymes; the protein nitration; and the production of nitric oxide in the cerebellum of adult and old rats.     

Time-stepping in Petrov-Galerkin methods based on cubic B-splines for compactons

Four numerical methods with first- to fourth-order of accuracy have been developed for the time integration of the Rosenau-Hyman K(2, 2) equation. The error in the solution and the invariants for the propagation of one-compacton, and the stability in collisions among compactons have been studied using these methods. Numerically-induced radiation has also been characterized by means of wavefront velocity and wavefront amplitude, showing that the self-similarity of the radiation wavepackets observed in the numerical results is a consequence of the time-stepping method. Among the four methods studied in this paper, the best results in terms of accuracy, computational cost, and stability have been obtained by means of using the second-order time integration method.     

Thermal behaviour of some dibenzobicyclo[2.2.2]octane derivatives

A number of dibenzobicyclo[2.2.2]octane derivatives have been studied due to the interest of such compounds as ligands for coordination compounds with potential biological activity. Their thermal behaviour has been analyzed in order to find out more information about their fragmentation. A connection between the bridge substituents and the fragmentation process has been observed.     

Measurements of opacity and temperature of warm dense matter heated by focused soft X-ray laser irradiation

The transmission of plasma-based soft X-ray lasers through thin targets can be used to measure the target opacity. Measurements of warm dense matter transmission obtained using a focused 59 eV photon energy laser irradiation on thin targets of polyimide (C₂₂H₁₀N₂O₅) and aluminum are shown to produce simultaneous heating and probing enabling opacity and temperature measurements of warm dense matter. It is shown that the opacity of the warm dense matter considered in the experiments follows closely tabulated cold ‘room temperature’ opacities at temperatures below ～10 eV. Transmission measurements of thin iron targets which are highly opaque to the X-ray laser radiation are also presented.     

Strong regularity and generalized inverses in jordan systems

A notion of generalized inverse extending that of Moore—Penrose inverse for continuous linear operators between Hilbert spaces and that of group inverse for elements of an associative algebra is defined in any Jordan triple system (J, P). An element a?J has a (unique) generalized inverse if and only if it is strongly regular, i.e., a?P(a)²J. A Jordan triple system J is strongly regular if and only if it is von Neumann regular and has no nonzero nilpotent elements. Generalized inverses have properties similar to those of the invertible elements in unital Jordan algebras. With a suitable notion of strong associativity, for a strongly regular element a?J with generalized inverse b the subtriple generated by {a, b} is strongly associative     

A repository of equations with cosine/sine compactons

Nonlinear evolution equations with cosine/sine compacton solutions are reviewed, including the Rosenau-Hyman equation and generalizations of Korteweg-de Vries, Camassa-Holm, Boussinesq, Benjamin-Bona-Mahony, Klein-Gordon and other equations. Each equation is generalized to three dimensions and the conditions for its cosine solitary waves to be either a compacton or a soliton are determined. Several equations claimed in the literature to be different among them are found to be equivalent.