Reactions of tetrahydro-as-triazine-3(2H)-thiories with α, β-difunctional compounds

The results of allowing tetrahydro-as-triazine-3(2H)-thiones to react with various α,β-diiunctional compounds, such as, α-bromoethyl p-toluenesulfonate, chloroacetaldehyde, α-bromophenylacet-uldehyde, phenaeyl bromide, chloroacetonitrile, α-bromophenylaeelonitrile, and α-cyanobenzyl p-toluenesulfonate are discussed. These condensations give either a 5H-thiazolo[3,2-b]-as-triazine or a 2H-thiazolo[2,3-c]-as-triazine.     

Accurate local spin-polarized exchange potential: Reconciliation of generalized Slater and Kohn–Sham methods

Using simple physical arguments, a local spin-polarized exchange potential, V_xσ, is constructed from the single-particle Hartree–Fock (HF ) potentials (generalized Slater method) that reduces to the usual Kohn–Sham (KS ) result in the uniform gas limit. Numerical results for 10 closed subshell atoms demonstrate that the total energy calculated employing this V_xσ is closer to the exact KS results than those of other standard exchange approximations with electron densities and highest occupied orbital eigenvalues that closely approximate the HF results.     

High-Resolution,Higher-Order UV/VIS Derivative Spectrophotometry

Derivative spectrophotometry has gained increasing importance in the past two years and is currently experiencing vigorous development. Following and introduction the present article provides a review of this extremely effective method. In particular, the advantages of higher-order derivative spectrophotometry (HODS method, n > 2) are discussed on the basis of practical examples from a wide range of analytical fields. The results are achieved with the aid of a newly developed analog computer unit, whereby for the first time readily reproducible, low-noise, on-line spectra can be obtained up to the 7th order and even, in favorable cases, up to the 9th order. In practice it has proved valuable to work with spectra of the 3rd to 5th order; but even higher derivations could be profitable for the separation of strongly superposed signals or for “fingerprinting”.     

Ab initio studies of structural features not easily amenable to experiment. 17. The molecular structures of some strained cyclic hydrocarbons and estimates of their strain energies

The molecular structures of tricyclohexane, norbornane, quadricyclane, and cubane were completely refined by standard ab initio force relaxation on the 4-21G level. The results can be used as a basis to interpret some contradictory experimental reports found in the literature and to establish some hitherto unobserved structural trends involving the C? C and C? H bond distances of the cases studied. Group Delta;E values for C? (H)₃(C), C? (H)₂(C)₂, and C? (H)(C)₃ (Benson's notation) derived from the total energies of the completely relaxed 4-21G geometries of a number of unstrained hydrocarbons are also listed. The values are used to estimate the strain energies of the systems studied and of the optimized 4-21G geometries of cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclohexane, and bicyclo (2.1.0)pentane. Cooperative effects in the strain energies are discussed.     

Infrared absorption by collisional CH4+X pairs, with X=He, H2, or N2

Existing measurements of the collision-induced rototranslational absorption spectra of gaseous mixtures of methane with helium, hydrogen, or nitrogen are compared to theoretical calculations, based on refined multipole-induced and dispersion force-induced dipole moments of the interacting molecular pairs CH4-He, CH4-H2, and CH4-N2. In each case the measured absorption exceeds the calculations substantially at most frequencies. We present the excess absorption spectra, that is the difference of the measured and the calculated profiles, of these supramolecular CH4-X systems at various gas temperatures. The excess absorption spectra of CH4-X pairs differ significantly for each choice of the collision partner X, but show common features (spectral intensities and shape) at frequencies from roughly 200 to 500 cm(-1). These excess spectra seem to defy modeling in terms of ad hoc exchange force-induced dipole components attempted earlier. We suggest that besides the dipole components induced by polarization in the electric molecular multipole fields and their gradients, and by exchange and dispersion forces, other dipole induction mechanisms exist in CH4-X complexes that presumably are related to collisional distortion of the CH4 molecular frame.     

Goldstone mode singularities and equation of state of an isotropic magnet

Static properties of an isotropic magnet are calculated in the whole critical region including the magnetization curve. The method proposed is a resummation of renormalized perturbation theory without use of recursion relations. This is possible because only special diagrams or subdiagrams show infrared divergencies at the magnetization curve due to Goldstone modes. The arguments given are heavily based on Ward identities. The resulting perturbation theory is well behaved in the total critical region and exhibits explicitely the form of the Goldstone mode singularities at the magnetization curve. The equation of state is calculated including two-loop contribution. Resulting effective exponents are then correct in order in the whole critical region. In various limits agreement with known results is found. A one-loop calculation of the correlation functions is also given.     

Combined electron diffraction,conformational energy and vibrational investigations of cis-1,4-ditertiary butyl-cyclohexane

The structure of cis-1,4-ditertiarybutylcyclohexane(DTBC) was investigated by combined electron diffraction, conformational and vibrational analyses in order to obtain results which are more conclusive than those previously obtained by electron diffraction alone. In this study, first the minimum energy conformations for DTBC were calculated by the Westheimer-Hendrickson procedure using various force fields described in the literature; the same fields and the minimum energy conformations were used in subsequent vibrational analyses to calculate the mean amplitudes of vibration for each minimum energy conformation of DTBC; these mean amplitudes and the corresponding internuclear distances were then used to calculate the theoretical electron diffraction radial distribution curves which were compared to the experimental curves. The results indicate that the conformational energies of all the minimum energy chair and non-chair forms of DTBC are very similar. In excellent agreement with this, the theoretical radial distribution curves of all minimum energy forms have to be mixed for a best fit to the experimental radial distribution curve. A least squares analysis of the mixture under the described conditions yields for 110 °C a composition of approximately one third chair and two thirds non-chair forms. The quality of the empirical conformational force fields has a definite influence on the reliability of these results.     

Untersuchungen zur elektrochemischen Simultanbestimmung von Blei und Zinn

Zusammenfassung Die starke Temperaturabhängigkeit des polarographischen Zinn(II/0)-Signals in Lösungen des vierwertigen Zinns ermöglicht bei –32° C in methanolischer salzsaurer Grundlösung die Bestimmung des Bleis neben hohem Zinnüberschuß. Eine Anwendung des Verfahrens zur wechselstrompolarographischen Bestimmung des Bleis in Rohzinn wird beschrieben.

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Investigations on the simultaneous electrochemical determination of lead and tinII. Polarographic determination of lead in the presence of tin at lower temperatures

Summary The strong temperature dependence of the polarographic tin(II/0) signal in solutions containing tin(IV) renders possible the determination of lead in the presence of a high excess of tin at working temperatures of –32° C in hydrochloric methanol as supporting electrolyte solution. An application of the procedure to the ac-polarographic determination of lead in crude tin is described.

Die vorliegende Arbeit wurde in dankenswerter Weise durch Mittel der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft und des Verbandes der Chemischen Industrie ermöglicht.