MORPHOLOGICAL STUDIES OF PET FILMS WITH DIFFERENT CRYSTALLIZATION RATE IN DRAWING PROCESSES

Morphological changes during stretching of two PET samples (S and T) with different crystallization rate have been studied by means of SALS, solvent etching and polarizing microscope techniques. Results show that under the same drawing conditions larger and more perfect rod-like and spherulitic superstructures were formed more easily in the sample with higher crystallization rate (sample S). The amount of less compact regions which may be easily attacked by the vapor of allyl amine decreases more rapidly in sample S than in sample T during stretching, and these regions are more randomly distributed in sample T especially at low elongations. The difference of the two samples in morphological changes is coincident with their difference in tensile behavior.     

运动副摩擦参数的识别方法研究

采用粘性 库仑摩擦模型建立了单自由度回转机械系统运动微分方程,分别从时域和频域角度提出了两种识别运动副摩擦参数的方法。仿真结果表明,两种方法在较高信噪比下均能有效地辨识出库仑摩擦和粘性摩擦参数,其中频域法比时域法具有更高的参数估计精度。对电机驱动的单自由度转动机械系统实验装置的运动副建立了相应的摩擦模型,实验结果表明:在不同试验条件下两种方法计算得到的库仑和粘性摩擦参数具有较好重复性,从而验证了本文参数辨识方法的正确性。     

Stereoselective Interaction between DNA and Stable Chiral Surfaces Modified with 1,2‐Diphenylethylenediamine Enantiomers

This work described an interesting phenomenon of the stereoselective adsorption behaviors of DNA on stable chiral surfaces which were modified with 1,2‐diphenylethylenediamine enantiomers on gold electrodes. The modification process and electrochemical characterization of the chiral surfaces were measured by cyclic voltammetry (CV). The stereoselective adsorption behaviors of DNA on the two chiral surfaces were investigated via atomic force microscopy (AFM), CV, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). All results confirmed that (1R,2R)‐1,2‐diphenylethylenediamine modified surface had stronger interaction with DNA molecules than (1S,2S)‐1,2‐diphenylethylenediamine modified surface, and the chirality of the surfaces created an different effect on the morphology and adsorption quantity of DNA.     

Selective response of antigen‐antibody reactions on chiral surfaces modified with 1,2‐diphenylethylenediamine enantiomers

This work reported a comparative analysis of the amperometric responses of antigen‐antibody reactions on two stable chiral surfaces which were modified with 1,2‐diphenylethylenediamine enantiomers. Alpha‐fetoprotein antibody and antigen (anti‐AFP and AFP) were selected as model systems. First, (1R,2R)‐1,2‐diphenylethylenediamine or (1S,2S)‐1,2‐diphenylethylenediamine was modified on the gold surface of the electrode through amide linkage to construct chiral surfaces. Then, anti‐AFP was immobilized on the chiral electrode surface by electrostatic and hydrogen bonding interactions. The electrochemical characteristics of the modified electrodes were studied via cyclic voltammetry. The selective current responses of antigen‐antibody reactions on chiral electrode surfaces for different incubation time and varying AFP concentrations were monitored. The antigen‐antibody reactions were greatly influenced by the chirality of 1,2‐diphenylethylenediamine enantiomers, and the amperometric responses obtained from the (1S,2S)‐1,2‐diphenylethylenediamine modified electrode was obviously stronger than that from the (1R,2R)‐1,2‐diphenylethylenediamine modified electrode. Such work may not only offer valuable reference to the research of chiral drugs, but also help to comprehend the high selectivity of chiral molecular species in biosystems. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

机械系统中摩擦模型的研究进展

摩擦现象在机械系统中的作用日益突出, 合理地解决机械系统中摩擦环节尤其是非线性摩擦环节的制约问题 已成为当前研究的重点. 由于摩擦的复杂性, 很难从机理上获得其准确唯一的数学模型, 迄今已提出的摩擦模 型有数十种. 鉴于目前机械系统中摩擦建模的发展状况, 首先描述了几种重要的摩擦现象, 如库仑摩擦、黏性 摩擦、Stribeck效应、预滑动摩擦、可变的静态摩擦力和摩擦记忆效应等. 其次, 系统地介绍了几种较为重要的、 常用的摩擦模型, 包括6种静态摩擦模型和7种动态摩擦模型, 并对每一种模型的构成, 特点和适用范围等 进行了较为详细地论述. 比较而言, 静态摩擦模型结构简单, 参数辨识容易, 但是无法描述摩擦的动态特性, 动态摩擦模型能够比较全面的描述摩擦现象, 但结构复杂, 参数辨识难度较大. 再次, 简要概述了摩擦建模 对机械系统动力学行为的影响, 以及在高精度定位系统的控制中的作用. 最后, 针对当前机械系统中摩擦建 模方面存在的一些不足提出了几点展望. 为今后摩擦模型的选用和新摩擦模型的建立提供了参考.     

对称群S5的表示环

本文利用有限群特征标理论计算了对称群S₅的所有不可约复表示的幂公式.根据求解幂公式过程中得到的S₅任意两个不可约表示张量积的分解情况,作者刻画了S₅上表示环r(S₅)及其若干结构性质,如极小生成元关系式表达、单位群、本原幂等元、行列式与Casimir数.     

烟酸锰配合物[Mn(C_6H_4NO_2)_2]·2H_2O(s)的合成、生成焓及其对粟酒裂殖酵母细胞生长代谢的微量热法研究

合成了一种新的烟酸锰配合物,并通过红外光谱﹑热重差热分析﹑元素分析﹑化学分析等手段确定其结构与组成.应用溶解量热法,分别测定了四水氯化锰、烟酸和烟酸锰在常压,298.15 K,混合溶剂(VDMSO∶VEtOH∶V2 mol/L HCl=1∶1∶1)中的溶解焓,△s Hm[MnCl2·4H2O(s),298.15 K]=-(13.596±0.170)kJ·mol-1,△s Hm[2C6H5NO2(s),298.15 K]=(42.780±0.090)kJ·mol-1以及△s Hm[[Mn(C6H4NO2)2]·2H2O,298.15 K]=(15.936±0.070)kJ·mol-1.根据热化学原理求出了反应MnCl2·4H2O(s)+2C6H5NO2(s)=[Mn(C6H4NO2)2]·2H2O(s)+2HCl(g)+2H2O(l).在298.15 K时标准摩尔反应焓△r Hm(1)=(66.42±0.88)kJ·mol-1和配合物[Mn(C6H4NO2)2]·2H2O(s)的标准摩尔生成焓△f Hm[[Mn(C6H4-NO2)2]·2H2O(s),298.15 K]=-(1554.8±2.0)kJ·mol-1.应用TAM air热导式等温微量量热仪测定了烟酸锰配合物[Mn(C6H4NO2)2]·2H2O在301.15 K时对粟酒裂殖酵母细胞生长代谢的产热曲线,计算得到了粟酒裂殖酵母细胞生长速率常数k,最大放热功率时间tp以及总放热量Qtotal等热化学参数.实验结果表明,随着烟酸锰配合物浓度的增加,粟酒裂殖酵母细胞生长代谢速率常数k和总放热量Qtotal减少,即烟酸锰对粟酒裂殖酵母细胞有抑制作用.     

DISPERSITY OF THE COPOLYMER OF STYRENE AND 2, 2, 6, 6-TETRAMETHYL-4-PIPERIDINYL-METHACRYLATE (PDS) IN POLYPROPYLENE AND ITS INFLUENCE ON PHOTOSTABILIZING ACTION OF PDS

The morphology of films of PDS/PP blends with various contents of PDS and with PDS of dif-ferent molecular weights was examined by scanning electron microscopy and the photostability ofthese films was studied by infrared spectrometry. Experimental results show that PDS is dispersedin PP matris as spherical globules being in size of the order of 10~(-1)μm when content of PDS is in therange of 0.1 % to 1%. The phase separation of PDS from PP results in decrease in photostabilizingaction of PDS to some extent. It is found that films of PP blended with PDS of different molecularweights show similar morphology and photostabilizing action if the content of PDS is kept constant.     

Facile formylolefination of aldehydes by means of arsonium salt

A facile formylolefination of a variety of aldehydes was achieved by using formylmethyltriphenylarsonium bromide with K₂CO₃(trace H₂O) at room temperature to give highly stereoselectively (E) ,β-unsaturated aldehydes in excellent yields.