扫帚状氧化铈制备及其对Pt基阳极催化剂催化性能的影响

采用水热合成法,合成了比表面积为175 m²·g^-1,孔径在2~4nm范围内的扫帚状CeO₂。通过微波辅助乙二醇还原氯铂酸法制备了Pt-CeO₂/RGO催化剂,探究扫帚状CeO₂的添加对Pt基催化剂电催化性能的影响。利用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、N₂吸附-脱附、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）对所制备的CeO₂及催化剂进行表征。利用电化学工作站对催化剂进行电化学性能测试。结果表明,催化剂中CeO₂保持原有扫帚状,Pt纳米粒子均匀分布于石墨烯载体表面;当m_RGO∶m_CeO2=1∶2时,添加了扫帚状CeO₂的Pt-CeO₂/RGO催化剂的电催化性能最优,电化学活性表面积为102.83 m²·g^-1,对乙醇氧化的峰值电流密度为757.17 A·g^-1,1 000 s的稳态电流密度为108.17 A·g^-1,对乙醇催化氧化反应的电荷转移电阻最小,活化能最低。     

用一种分数阶算法研究非马尔可夫过程中阻尼与涨落的竞争机制

基于分数阶朗之万方程和随机行走理论, 建立了一种用于研究非马尔可夫系统中随机变量随时间演化的数值模拟算法, 称之为分数阶随机行走模拟法. 进一步运用此算法分别数值研究了无阻尼有涨落、 有阻尼无涨落和阻尼与涨落兼备三种情况下, 受欠扩散分数阶朗之万方程约束的随机变量随时间的演化行为. 结果显示阻尼和涨落存在竞争关系: 高斯型涨落的影响会随着时间的增长被"抹平", 从而凸显阻尼使系统趋于平衡的作用; 而长尾型涨落则由于包含"小概率大贡献"事件, 使得长时间演化之后系统变量仍以一定概率出现突然变化. 关键词： 非马尔可夫 欠扩散 阻尼与涨落 分数阶朗之万方程     

Dynamic stress concentration around two interacting coated nanowires with surface/interface effect

In coated nanowires, the surface/interface effects are particularly prominent due to a larger ratio of surface area to volume. In this paper, the effect of surface/interface stress on the macroscopic dynamic stress concentration around two nanowires under anti-plane shear waves is studied. The analytical solutions of displacements around the coated nanowires, in the coating layers, and inside the nanowires are expressed by wave function expansion method. The expanded mode coefficients are determined by satisfying the boundary conditions at the two interfaces around the nanowires. To accomplish the superposition of displacement fields, the addition theorem for cylindrical wave function is employed. Analyses show that the effect of interface properties on the dynamic stress is significantly related to the wave frequency, the material properties of nanowires and coating layers, and the relative position and distance between the two nanowires. If the wires and coating layers are softer, the dynamic stress decreases greatly, and the interface effect on the dynamic stress is also little. The results may be potentially useful for providing information on the mechanical properties and interactions among array of nanowires under different external mechanical stimulus.     

锁频锁相的高功率微波器件技术研究

综述了中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所锁频锁相的高功率微波器件最新研究成果,主要包括稳频稳相的相对论速调管放大器和注入锁相的相对论返波管振荡器.针对高功率长脉冲相对论速调管研究中遇到的问题,介绍了该放大器的束波互作用特点、杂频振荡抑制、脉冲缩短、高频段高功率运行、高增益等物理、设计与实验中的关键技术研究概况,使其功率、相位稳定性、增益等性能有了显著提高,S波段环形单注相对论速调管实现了高功率稳相输出,重频25 Hz运行时输出功率大于1 GW,脉宽大于150 ns、相位波动18°,高增益运行时在注入微波功率数kW条件下也实现类似功率和相位水平;采用同轴多注器件结构,突破了速调管高频段运行条件下高效率电子束引入和高功率束波转换技术等难题,使X波段相对论速调管在注入功率30 kW条件下实现了功率大于1 GW的放大输出,效率为34%,相位波动为15°.在掌握相对论返波管技术的基础上,利用返波管的高效率和结构紧凑的优点,开展了注入调制电子束锁相的相对论返波管研究,采用百kW级的种子微波实现了对GW量级输出微波的相位锁定.该研究结果对功率合成、粒子加速和多功能雷达等技术具有重要的推动作用.     

掺杂红外染料聚叠氮缩水甘油醚工质激光烧蚀推进性能优化探索

选择含能聚合物聚叠氮缩水甘油醚(GAP)作为激光烧蚀微推力器的工质,分析了红外染料掺杂对激光烧蚀GAP工质推进性能的影响.通过对比掺杂红外染料GAP在不同激光功率密度、掺杂浓度、靶材厚度和激光烧蚀模式下的推进性能数据和烧蚀羽流,初步探索了掺杂红外染料GAP工质的推进性能优化方式.实验结果表明:透射式激光烧蚀模式下,激光能量的指数衰减特性和掺杂红外染料GAP的强黏性使得烧蚀羽流中易存在未充分烧蚀的工质; GAP的推进性能受红外染料掺杂浓度和靶材厚度的综合影响,当靶材厚度与激光吸收深度接近时,靶材充分吸收激光能量使中心烧蚀区达到化学能释放的温度阈值,同时沿激光传播方向未充分烧蚀的质量最少,此时推进性能达到最优值.反射式下掺杂红外染料的聚合物的激光烧蚀过程遵循"先吸收激光能量先喷射"的规律,工质分解充分,推进性能优于透射式.     

过渡金属氧化物修饰石墨毡阴极及电催化氧化性能测试

采用H2O2化学预处理石墨毡,并将过渡金属氧化物Ce O2负载到石墨毡上,制备出复合石墨毡阴极材料。研究结果表明H2O2处理可增加石墨毡的含氧官能团,改善表面亲水性,进而提高Ce O2的负载量,XRD分析表明石墨毡表面负载的Ce O2为萤石结构。电化学阻抗谱(EIS)和循环伏安曲线(CV)分析表明修饰后的石墨毡电荷传输阻力变小,氧化还原电流强度显著增强,活性表面积增大8倍,线性扫描(LSV)实验表明改性石墨毡在氧还原过程中具有较大的电流密度,是未改性前的8.5倍。采用改性石墨毡作为阴极,进行电芬顿催化降解甲基橙测试,20 min脱色率达到96.8%,与未改性石墨毡相比,去除率提高133.2%,显著提高了其电催化氧化性能。     

扫帚状氧化铈制备及其对Pt基阳极催化剂催化性能的影响

采用水热合成法,合成了比表面积为175 m~2·g~(-1),孔径在2~4nm范围内的扫帚状CeO_2。通过微波辅助乙二醇还原氯铂酸法制备了Pt-CeO_2/RGO催化剂,探究扫帚状CeO_2的添加对Pt基催化剂电催化性能的影响。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、N_2吸附-脱附、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对所制备的CeO_2及催化剂进行表征。利用电化学工作站对催化剂进行电化学性能测试。结果表明,催化剂中CeO_2保持原有扫帚状,Pt纳米粒子均匀分布于石墨烯载体表面;当m_(RGO)∶m_(CeO2)=1∶2时,添加了扫帚状CeO_2的Pt-CeO_2/RGO催化剂的电催化性能最优,电化学活性表面积为102.83 m~2·g~(-1),对乙醇氧化的峰值电流密度为757.17A·g~(-1),1 000 s的稳态电流密度为108.17 A·g~(-1),对乙醇催化氧化反应的电荷转移电阻最小,活化能最低。     

Regio- and diastereoselective dearomatizations of N-alkyl activated azaarenes: the maximization of the reactive sites

An unprecedented base-promoted multi-component one-pot dearomatization of N-alkyl activated azaarenes was developed, which enabled the synthesis of complex and diverse bridged cyclic polycycles with multiple stereocenters in a highly regio- and diastereoselective manner. Besides, we realized the step-controlled dearomative bi- and trifunctionalization of quinolinium salts. These transformations not only achieved the maximization of the reaction sites of pyridinium, quinolinium and isoquinolinium salts to enhance structural complexity and diversity, but also opened up a new reaction mode of these N-activated azaarenes. A unique feature of this strategy is the use of easily accessible and bench-stable N-alkyl activated azaarenes to provide maximum reactive sites for dearomative cascade cyclizations. In addition, the salient characteristics including high synthetic efficiency, short reaction time, mild conditions and simple operation made this strategy particularly attractive.

An unprecedented base-promoted multi-component one-pot dearomatization of N-alkyl activated azaarenes was developed to construct complex and diverse bridged cyclic polycycles with multiple stereocenters in a highly regio- and diastereoselective manner.