微乳液的热力学性质 I: 芳烃类的侧链链长对微乳液热力学函数影响

本文研究以非离子型表面活性剂-正辛醇-水-芳烃类所组成的微乳液, 探讨醇从油相转移到界面相时的自由能变化, 以及温度对自由能的影响。计算出熵和焓的变化, 发现在实验范围内, 上述热力学函数的对数值与芳烃侧链的碳原子数(n)呈线性关系。这些关系式对微乳液的构成和稳定性的讨论是重要的, 还对几种芳烃异构体所构成的微乳液的热力学函数进行了实验和讨论。     

抗坏血酸和尿酸在甘氨酸-壳聚糖修饰玻碳电极上的电化学行为及测定

制备了甘氨酸-壳聚糖复合膜修饰玻碳电极(Gly-CTS/GCE),研究了抗坏血酸(AA)和尿酸(UA)在该修饰电极上的电化学行为。结果表明在pH=5.59的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,AA、UA在Gly-CTS/GCE上均产生灵敏的不可逆氧化峰,其峰电流与浓度在一定范围内呈良好的线性关系。对AA和UA混合溶液平行测定7次,相对标准偏差分别为4.6%、2.9%,表明该电极重现性和稳定性良好。AA、UA在Gly-CTS/GCE电极上的氧化峰峰电位相差340mV,据此可实现对二者的同时检测,并可应用于实际样品测定。     

C70X2(X=H,F, Cl)的稳定性和电子光谱

用INDO方法研究C70H2四种异构体的稳定性, 表明其最稳定异构体为1, 9-C70H2和7, 8-C70H2, 两者能量差为16.3KJ.mol^-^1, 与实验值及ab initio计算值接近; 光谱计算表明, 其特征吸收峰与实验值一致。在此基础上预测C70F2和C70Cl2的稳定性和电子光谱, 表明C70F2四种异构体的稳定性顺序与C70H2一致, 而C70Cl2则以21, 42-异构体最为稳定。二者的电子光谱与C70H2极其相似只是在500nm以上有细微差别。     

氢原子在镍台阶面上吸附、振动和表面扩散行为的理论研究

本文用对势方法研究了氢原子在Ni(510)台阶面上的吸附和振动, 计算结果与实验符合得很好。并考察了氢原子在Ni(997)台阶面上的吸附和扩散, 结果表明,台阶对下台面上扩散的氢原子开成捕获势阱, 对上台面扩散的氢原子形成反射势,这也很好地支持了实验结果。     

Polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of fourteen wild edible fruits from Burkina Faso

A total of fourteen (14) species of wild edible fruits from Burkina Faso were analyzed for their phenolic and flavonoid contents, and their antioxidant activities using the DPPH, FRAP and ABTS methods. The data obtained show that the total phenolic and total flavonoid levels were significantly higher in the acetone than in the methanol extracts.Detarium microcarpum fruit had the highest phenolic and the highest flavonoid content,followed by that of Adansonia digitata, Ziziphus mauritiana, Ximenia americana and Lannea microcarpa. Significant amounts of total phenolics were also detected in the other fruit species in the following order of decreasing levels: Tamarindus indica > Sclerocaryabirrea > Dialium guineense > Gardenia erubescens > Diospyros mespiliformis > Parkiabiglobosa > Ficus sycomorus > Vitellaria paradoxa. Detarium microcarpum fruit also showed the highest antioxidant activity using the three antioxidant assays. Fruits with high antioxidant activities were also found to possess high phenolic and flavonoid contents. There was a strong correlation between total phenolic and flavonoid levels and antioxidant activities.     

Antioxidant, xanthine oxidase and lipoxygenase inhibitory activities and phenolics of Bauhinia rufescens Lam. (Caesalpiniaceae)

An aqueous acetone extract of the stem with the leaves of Bauhinia rufescens and its fractions were analysed for their antioxidant and enzyme-inhibitory activities, as well as their phytochemical composition. For measurement of the antioxidant activities, the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzoline-6-sulphonate) and the ferric-reducing methods were used. The results indicated that the aqueous acetone, its ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions possessed considerable antioxidant activity. Further, the xanthine oxidase and lipoxygenase inhibitory assays showed that the n-butanol fraction possessed compounds that can inhibit both these enzymes. In the phytochemical analysis, the ethyl acetate and the n-butanol fractions of the aqueous acetone extract were screened by HPLC-MS for their phenolic content. The results indicated the presence of hyperoside, isoquercitrin, rutin quercetin, quercitrin, p-coumaric and ferulic acids in the non-hydrolysed fractions. In the hydrolysed fractions, kaempferol, p-coumaric and ferulic acids were identified.     

Identification and quantification of phenolic compounds from Balanites aegyptiaca (L) Del (Balanitaceae) galls and leaves by HPLC-MS

Balanites aegyptiaca is a tropical plant which is widely used for medicinal purposes in several African countries, including Burkina Faso. Despite its widespread use, little is known about its phenolic content. This study sought to carry out a screening of the polyphenols from the leaves and galls of B. aegyptiaca. A high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method was used to investigate the phenolic content in the parts of the plant studied here. The phenolic acid profile showed the presence of gentisic, p-coumaric, caffeic, ferulic and sinapic acids in the crude and hydrolysed extracts. The flavonoids pattern showed hyperoside, isoquercitrin, rutoside and quercitrin in the crude extract of leaves. Myricetol, quercetol and kaempferol were found after acid hydrolysis of the leaves extract. Ferulic acid, isoquercitrin, rutoside and quercitrin were identified as major phenolic compounds in this study.     

Fracture of thick laminated composites

The fracture of thick laminated graphite/epoxy composites has been the subject of an extensive research program. The program was divided into three major areas of investigation which included laminate thickness, laminate stacking sequence, and part-through surface flaws. The results from this program are reviewed with emphasis placed on their applicability to the design of thick laminated composite structures. Paper was presented at 1985 SEM Spring Conference on Experimental Mechanics held in Las Vegas on June 9–14, 1985.     

C64H6的结构和光谱的理论研究

本文用INDO系列方法研究了C64H6的结构与光谱, 表明C64H6有C2v和Cs两种稳定构型, 其中C2v构型能量较低, 讨论其加成及环加成产物对称性的规律并与13C NMR谱的实验结果相结合。计算了两种构型的电子光谱, 对电子跃迁进行了理论指认,并讨论了C64H6谱带红移的原因, 理论计算结果与实验事实基本吻合。     

氢原子在Ru(0001)和Ru(1010)面上吸附扩散势能面的结构

本文构造了H-Ru相互作用的五参数Morse势,用经典的对势方法研究了氢原子在Ru(0001)和Ru(1010)面上的吸附和扩散,得到了氢原子在两个表面上的吸附位、吸附几何、结合能及本征振动等数据与实验结果符合得很好;同时研究了两个体系的吸附扩散势能面结构。