An interference method for studying a substance in the vicinity of its critical point

An interference method for measuring certain parameters of a substance in the vicinity of the critical state is proposed. The essence of the method is to decipher the interference pattern arising upon grazing incidence of a laser beam on a curved liquid-vapor interface. The deciphering allows one to determine the difference between the refractive indices of the two phases and the scaling factor of the wetting meniscus shape. This, in turn, makes it possible to calculate the critical exponents for the temperature dependences of the surface tension and the difference in the densities of the two phases. The ratio of these critical exponents for xenon, measured in the paper, is 3.81±0.03.     

Effect of electrosynthesis conditions on the electrochemical and spectral characteristics of copolymers of pyrrole and 3-phenylthiophene

Copolymers of pyrrole and 3-phenylthiophene were obtained by electrochemical polymerization. These copolymers were identified by IR and electronic spectroscopy. The composition, electrochemical properties, and spectral indices of the copolymers depend on the potential for deposition from the monomer mixture and the ratio of pyrrole to 3-phenylthiophene.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp. 159–164, March–April, 1993.The authors express their gratitude Academician V. D. Pokhodenko of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine for his advice and comments in a discussion of this work.     

Spectral and electrochemical properties of polyaniline-V2O5 composites of the intercalation type

We propose a new approach to obtaining composites of the intercalation type based on polyaniline and V₂O₅. We have determined the characteristics of these composites using x-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, and EPR. We show that the compounds obtained exhibit stable redox properties in aqueous and aprotic electrolytes.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 31, No. 6, pp. 361–364, November–December, 1995.We would like to express our thanks to V. G. II'in for help in carrying out the x-ray phase investigations. This work was made possible with the partial support of the International Science Foundation (grant N U6B000).     

High-Sensitivity Determination of Hydrocarbon Impurities in Arsine by Reaction Gas Chromatography

It is shown that the results of determining methane in high-purity arsine by reaction gas chromatography can be overestimated by more than two orders of magnitude. This overestimation is caused by the formation of methane as a side product of the reaction. Cryogenic preconcentration at the injection stage is proposed to improve the accuracy of determination of methane, and the cryofocusing of impurity hydrocarbons is proposed to improve separation. Detection limits of (3–10) × 10^–6 vol % are achieved for C₁–C₅ hydrocarbons.     

Composition and Physicochemical Properties of Schungite Sorbent as Influenced by Thermal Treatment

The chemical composition, specific surface area, and pore structure of a schungite sorbent were studied as influenced by the conditions of thermal treatment.     

Problems of Quantitative Spectroscopic Measurements in Heterogeneous Catalysis: Molar Absorption Coefficients of Vibrations in Adsorbed Substances

Published data on the molar absorption coefficients and integral intensities A ₀ of vibrations in physically and chemically adsorbed molecules are reviewed. Analysis of published data shows that bonds characterized by high values of the dipole momentum derivative with respect to the normal coordinate change during adsorption toward decreasing this derivative, whereas bonds characterized by a low value of the derivative change toward increasing the derivative. Thus, adsorption results in a decrease in the difference in values of the dipole momentum derivative with respect to the normal coordinate of different bonds compared with the same bonds in the individual molecules. In addition, the interval of changing the molar absorption coefficients for the surface complexes are at least two orders of magnitude lower than that for the same bonds in the molecules in the gas phase. A series for the degree of easiness in detecting complexes on the catalyst surface (the series of decreasing the molar absorption coefficient) is proposed.     

Catalytic Oxidation (4th World Congress on Oxidation Catalysis, Potsdam, Germany, September 2001)

This paper presents an overview of the plenary lectures and some of the oral and poster presentations at the 4th International Congress on Oxidation Catalysis in Potsdam (Germany). The main topics were the partial oxidation of alkanes and the oxidation of olefins by H₂O₂. Considerable attention is given to the use of modern physical methods in the mechanistic studies of oxidation catalysis and in the studies of catalyst structures.     

Azines and azoles. 64. Mass spectra and tautomerism of 2-aryl-4,6-dioxo-1,3-thiazines

Mass spectra of 2-aryl-4,6-dioxo-1,3-thiazines were studied and the general fragmentation paths of these compounds determined. Based on mass spectra of compounds with fixed structures, 2-aryl-5,5-dialkyl-4,6-dioxo-1,3-thiazines, 4-alkoxy- and 4-acyloxy-2-aryl-6-oxo-1,3-thiazines, the decomposition paths of the dicarbonyl and hydroxycarbonyl forms were determined. It was concluded on the basis of the obtained data that 2-aryl-4,6-dioxo-1,3-thiazines exist in the gas phase predominantly in the hydroxycarbonyl form.For Communication 63, see [1].Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1409–1412, October, 1987.