Acetals of lactams and acid amides. 60. Novel approach to the synthesis of γ-carbolines

N-Alkylation of 2-methyl-5-nitroindole followed by the Vilsmeyer reaction has given some 2-methyl-3-formyl-5-nitro-N-alkylindoles, which on reaction with DMF diethyl acetal afford 2-(-dimethylamino)vinylindoles. Heating the latter with ammonia provided a novel synthesis of -carbolines. Condensation of 1,2-dimethyl-3-formyl-5-nitroindole with dimethylacetamide diethyl acetal gave 2-dimethylamino-6-nitro-9-methylcarbazole.For Communication 59, see [1].Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 11, pp. 1483–1486, November, 1990.     

Ternary molybdenum-antimony-titanium oxide systems in catalytic synthesis of 2-imidazolinecarboxamide

Catalytic ammonolysis of 2-methylimidazoline (lysidine) in the presence of a number of ternary molybdenum-antimony-titanium oxide systems was studied.     

New simple laboratory method for the synthesis of pirazidol

5,6-Dihydro-8-methyl-4H-pyrazino[3,2,1-j,k]carbazole was obtained by the reaction of -bromoacetaldehyde dibutylacetal, ammonium acetate, and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6-methyl-1-ketocarbazole in acetic acid. The reduction of 5,6-dihydro-8-methyl-4H-pyrazino[3,2,1-j,k]carbazole or its hydrochloride with sodium borohydride leads to 2,3,3a,4,5,6-hexahydro-8-methyl-1H-pyrazino[3,2,1-j,k]carbazole hydrochloride — the medicinal preparation pirazidol.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1362–1363, October, 1983.     

Optimal key for taxons ordered in accordance with their frequencies

Assume nothing is known about the probabilities of taxons except that the first taxon is more probable than the second one, the second is more probable than the third, and so on. Then to construct the optimal key, one can regard the ith taxon as having probability proportional to $\text{(i ? 1)}{}^{\mathrm{i\; ?\; 1}}\text{i}{}^{\mathrm{i}}$.     

Kinetics of charged particles in a high-voltage gas discharge in a nonuniform electrostatic field

A high-voltage gas discharge is of interest as a possible means of generating directed flows of low-temperature plasma in the off-electrode space distinguished by its original features [1–4]. We propose a model for calculating the trajectories of charges particles in a high-voltage gas discharge in nitrogen at a pressure of 0.15 Torr existing in a nonuniform electrostatic field and the strength of this field. Based on the results of our calculations, we supplement and refine the extensive experimental data concerning the investigation of such a discharge published in [1, 2, 5–8]; good agreement between the theory and experiment has been achieved. The discharge burning is initiated and maintained through bulk electron-impact ionization and ion–electron emission. We have determined the sizes of the cathode surface regions responsible for these processes, including the sizes of the axial zone involved in the discharge generation. The main effect determining the kinetics of charged particles consists in a sharp decrease in the strength of the field under consideration outside the interelectrode space, which allows a free motion of charges with specific energies and trajectories to be generated in it. The simulation results confirm that complex electrode systems that allow directed plasma flows to be generated at a discharge current of hundreds or thousands of milliamperes and a voltage on the electrodes of 0.3–1 kV can be implemented in practice [3, 9, 10].     

Specific Features of the Distribution of Nonuniform Electrostatic Field in a System with Variable Configuration of Electrodes That Generates High-Voltage Gas Discharge

Technical Physics - A model of the distribution of nonuniform electrostatic field is proposed for a system with variable configuration of electrodes that generates high-voltage discharge. It is...     

Acetals of lactams and acid amides. 73. Synthesis and some properties of derivatives of 6-nitro-γ-carboline

We have developed two synthesis routes for 4-amino derivatives of 6-nitro--carbolines: 1) consecutive conversion of 1,2-dimethyl-3-formyl-5-nitroindole to the 3-cyano derivative, condensation of the latter with DMF diethyl acetal, and cyclization of the enamine formed in this case with ammonia and benzylamine; 2) N-oxidation of 9-substituted 6-nitro--carbolines, transformation of N-oxides to the corresponding -carbolin-4-ones, from which the target compounds are obtained through the 4-chloro derivatives.For Communication 72, see [1].Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 502–505, April, 1992.     

Electrocatalytic Hydrogenation of Nicotine

Electrocatalytic reduction of the nicotine alkaloid in the presence of skeletal nickel catalysts was studied.__________Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Khimii, Vol. 78, No. 4, 2005, pp. 591–594.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Astaf’eva, Sidoikin, Krichevskii, Kagarlitskii.     

Synthesis of 2-Methylpyrazine on Ternary Oxide Catalysts

Synthesis of 2-methylpyrazine by cyclocondensation of ethylenediamine with 1,2-propylene glycol in the presence of zinc-molybdenum-chromium catalysts was studied.