Die Zersetzung des Hexacyanoferrates(II) in der Analyse. III

Zusammenfassung Silberionen wirken katalytisch auf die Zersetzung des Hexacyanoferrates(II); in Gegenwart von 2,2-Dipyridyl entsteht als Reaktionsprodukt ein intensiv gefärbter Eisen(II)-Dipyridylkomplex. Bei erhöhter Temperatur und in schwach saurem Medium ist die Wirkung des Silbers sehr stark.Dieser katalytische Effekt wurde für die photometrische Silber-bestimmung verwendet. Der Einfluß der Versuchsbedingungen wurde photometrisch verfolgt und daraus die optimalen Bedingungen abgeleitet. Die Methode ist sehr empfindlich und ermöglicht die Bestimmung von Submikrogrammengen Silber. Die Extinktion wurde mit grünem Filter (oder spektralphotometrisch bei 522 nm) gemessen. Die Eichkurve ist schwach gekrümmt und umfaßt das Konzentrationsbereich von 2 · 10^–7 bis 2· 10^–6 M AgNO₃/l. Bei Einhaltung der genauen Arbeitsbedingungen sind die Resultate innerhalb der Fehlergrenzen photometrischer Bestimmungen reproduzierbar.

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Summary Silver ions have a catalytic action on the decomposition of hexacyano-ferrate(II); in the presence of 2,2-dipyridyl, the reaction product is an intensively colored iron(II)-dipyridyl complex. The action of the silver is very marked at elevated temperatures and in a weakly acid medium.This catalytic effect was employed, for the photometric determination of silver. The influence of the experimental conditions was followed photometrically and the optimal conditions were derived from these findings. The method is very sensitive and permits the determination of submicrogram amounts of silver. The extinction was measured with a green filter (or spectrophotometrically at 522 nm). The calibration curve is slightly bent and includes the concentration range from 2 · 10^–7 to 2 · 10^–6 M AgNO₃ per liter. If the working conditions are strictly maintained, the results are reproducible within the limits of error of photometric determinations.

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Résumé Les ions argent ont une action catalytique sur la décomposition du ferrocyanure; en présence du dipyridyle-2,2, il se forme, comme produit de réaction, un complexe dipyridyle-fer-II, intensément coloré. A température plus élevée et en milieu faiblement acide, l'action de l'argent est très forte.On a appliqué cet effet catalytique au dosage photométrique de l'argent. On a suivi, par photométrie, l'influence des conditions expérimentales et l'on a déduit de ces données les conditions optimales. La méthode est très sensible et permet le,dosage de quantités d'argent submicro. On a mesuré l'extinction avec un filtre vert (ou spectrophotométriquement à 522 nm). La courbe d'étalonnage présente une faible courbure et englobe le domaine de concentration de 2 · 10^–7 à 2 · 10^–6 M AgNO₃/l. Si l'on observe les conditions précises du mode opératoire, les résultats sont reproductibles dans les limites d'erreurs des dosages photométriques.

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II. Croat. Chem. Acta; im Druck.     

Composite layers consisting of polyaniline and poly(o-phenylenediamine): Electrochemical deposition, electrochromic and electrocatalytic properties

The composite polymer layers consisting of polyaniline (PANI) and poly(o-phenylenediamine) (poly(o-PDA)) were electrodeposited on a platinum electrode by simultaneous electrochemical oxidation of corresponding monomers from aquaeous hydrochloric solutions. The growth of PANI and poly(o-PDA) occurs separately resulting in layers with two distinct, finely distributed phases. The first deposited layers are composed mainly of poly(o-PDA) and become richer in PANI as the electropolymerization proceeds. The aniline/o-PDA copolymer was not formed during electrodeposition, as evidenced by cyclic voltammetry and Fourier-transformed IR spectroscopy. It was demonstrated that the electrochromic properties of resulting composite layers are the combination of yellow/brown-reddish and green/dark blue observable color transitions which are characteristics of poly(o-PDA) and PANI, respectively. Electrocatalytic properties of the electrosynthesized composite layers were investigated on quinone/hydroquinone (Q/H₂Q) redox system and it was shown that the composite layers increase the heterogeneous electron transfer rate with a magnitudes ranging from those obtained on pure poly(o-PDA) to those obtained on pure PANI layer.     

Influence of supporting electrolyte on the pseudocapacitive properties of MnO2/carbon nanotubes

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - The aim of this study was to prepare MnO2 from a MnCl2 solution by electrode polarisation at a constant potential. MnO2 was deposited at platinum and...     

Decomposition of hexacyanoferrate(II) in analysis

Summary On the base of the catalytic effect of Ag⁺ upon the decomposition of [Fe(CN)₆]^4–, a very sensitive spot test for the detection of silver has been developed. The sensitivity of the test for the pure system is 0,00075 g/ drop at the concentration limit 146.400.000. Hg, Au and Pd react analogously. Chlorides and bromides even in high concentrations do not impair the detection of silver. In presence of iodides the sensitivity of the test is slightly reduced.

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Zusammenfassung Es wurde eine sehr empfindliche Tüpfelprobe zum Nachweis von Silber entwickelt. Sie beruht auf der katalytischen Zersetzung des [Fe(CN)₆]^4–-Komplexes durch Silberionen. In reinen Lösungen können noch 0,00075 g Silber in einem Tropfen nachgewiesen werden (Grenzkonzentration: 146400000). Hg, Au und Pd reagieren ähnlich wie Ag. Chlorid und Bromid stören auch in großen Mengen nicht. Jodid setzt die Empfindlichkeit des Nachweises etwas herab.

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Part V.: Acta Pharm. Jug., 10, 37 (1960).     

Paving the way for electrochemistry in Croatia: activities and the most important scientists

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - The article describes the development of electrochemistry at research institutions in Croatia. The foundation of electrochemistry in Croatia has been laid...     

Preparation and characterization of RuO2/polyaniline composite electrodes

RuO₂–polyaniline (PANI) composites have been prepared by a novel method resulting in a composite material at the electrode surface. The method is based on the utilization of the chemical oxidation of aniline by the RuO₂ attached to the gold substrate in acid media. Electrochemical quartz crystal nanobalance combined with cyclic voltammetric and chronoamperometric measurements was used to study the oxidative deposition process as well as the exchange of ions and solvent molecules during cycling. The chemical reaction between RuO₂ and aniline results in a surface mass increase at the open circuit, and it also manifests itself in the substantial decrease of the open-circuit potential after addition of aniline into the supporting electrolyte. The potential range, the nature of the electrolyte, and the pH have been varied. The results of the piezoelectric nanogravimetric studies obtained for the redox transformation of RuO₂ and the composites are elucidated by the transport of ions and water molecules. It has been shown that the behavior of RuO₂ as well as of the composites strongly depends on the spontaneous and potential-dependent solvent sorption, the nature of the electrolyte, and the potential range. It has been found that the value of the specific capacitance was substantially increased by the polyaniline present without any significant deterioration of stability of the capacitor.