Growth kinetics and phenolics production inGlycine Max cell suspension cultures

Glycine max was used as a model plant cell suspension culture to establish relationships among growth kinetics, phenolics production, elicitor action, and peroxidase activity. Timing of elictor addition through monitoring of peroxidase provided an excellent means of optimizing yields of phenolics and reduced the time span during which phenolics were formed, negating the need for a secondary production medium. We have also determined that calcium and other cellular effectors like polyamines and organic osmolytes, when used in conjunction with elicitors, enhance phenolics production. Calcium directly enhanced elicitation, whereas polyamines and other osmolytes such as glycerol and proline extended cell viability. The study also demonstrated potential for enhancing secondary metabolite production by a combination of elicitation, cell viability stabilizers, and by addition of nutrients at the time of elicitation.     

Selective solvation of Ag(I) iodate in methanol-dimethyl sulphoxide mixtures

The selective solvation of silver(I) iodate was studied in methanoldimethyl sulohoxide mixtures at 30° C by solubility and EMF measurements. The solubility of the salt increases continuously with the addition of dimethyl sulphoxide after a slight decrease into X_DMSO =0.1. The Gibbs energy of transfer of silver cation (determined on the basis of ferrocene reference method) decreases continuously while that of the iodate ion increases with the addition of dimethyl sulphoxide. The solvent transport number passes through a maximum (Δ = 2.0) around X_DMSO = 0.5. These results were interpreted as arising due to a heteroselective solvation of the salt, the silver ions being preferentially solvated by dimethyl sulphoxide and the iodate ion by methanol in these mixtures.     

Development of fish gelatin-based artificial fish baits incorporating bioattractants from seafood processing waste

The study dealt with evolving an artificial fish bait by incorporating bioattractant concentrates derived from seafood processing wastes by enzymatic hydrolysis namely fish waste concentrate (FWC), squid waste concentrate (SWC), and shrimp processing concentrate (SPWC). They were characterized based on amino acid content and presence of different functional groups using FTIR. Among them, SWC was found to have the highest amino acid content of 60.85mg/100 mg followed by FWC (42.21mg/100 mg) and SPWC (24.82mg/100 mg). The developed artificial fish baits were subjected to protein leaching, solubility in seawater besides testing for acceptability by the red snapper. The study revealed that the bait incorporated with SWC at 3% level was found be the most ideal, with the protein leaching rate of 24.82 mg/g/h, solubility rate of 36.6 mg/g/h and the attractability score of 29/30. The amino acid leaching rate was 3.11 mg/h/100 mg and it was found to contain five amino acids such as glycine, proline, glutamic acid, alanine and serine. The study revealed that the hydrolyzed squid waste concentrate can be incorporated at 3% (w/w) with fish gelatin based biomatrix during gelation to prepare artificial bait.     

Time resolved collapse of a folding protein observed with small angle x-ray scattering

High-intensity, "pink" beam from an undulator was used in conjunction with microfabricated rapid-fluid mixing devices to monitor the early events in protein folding with time resolved small angle x-ray scattering. This Letter describes recent work on the protein bovine beta-lactoglobulin where collapse from an expanded to a compact set of states was directly observed on the millisecond time scale. The role of chain collapse, one of the initial stages of protein folding, is not currently understood. The characterization of transient, compact states is vital in assessing the validity of theories and models of the folding process.     

Estimation of benzidine by non-aqueous titration

Summary It has been shown that the potentiometric titration of benzidine in propyleneglycol: chloroform (13) with hydrochloric acid in propyleneglycol gives two inflexions for the successive neutralisation of the two amino groups, a phenomenon not observed frequently in the case of weak bases. It has also been demonstrated that benzidine can be estimated in glacial acetic acid/chloroform (13) by visual titration.

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Zusammenfassung Benzidin gibt bei der potentiometrischen Titration in Propylenglykol/ Chloroform (13) mit Salzsäure in Propylenglykol zwei getrennte Potentialsprünge für die beiden Aminogruppen, eine Erscheinung, die bei so schwachen Basen selten ist. Visuell kann Benzidin in Eisessig/Chloroform (13) titriert werden.

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Grateful thanks are due to Prof. M. V. C. Sastri for his constant encouragement during the course of the work.     

Molecular Design Tactics for Highly Efficient Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters for Organic Light Emitting Diodes

Recently, pure organic thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters have attracted considerable interest from the scientific community in the field of organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) as they can theoretically realize 100 % of the internal quantum efficiency by exploiting both the singlet and triplet excitons via the reverse intersystem crossing enabled by small singlet‐triplet energy splitting. Currently, the external quantum efficiency of the TADF emitters is reaching the level of phosphorescent emitters. Therefore, the TADF approach is considered as a potential alternative to the low efficiency conventional fluorescent and expensive phosphorescent emitters. In this account, we summarized our recent development of blue and green TADF molecular designs to improve the device performances of the TADF devices.     

Gibbs Transfer Energies of Macrocyclic Ligands in Methanol+N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone Mixtures by Solubility and Partition Measurements

The standard Gibbs transfer energies of 18-crown-6,dibenzo-18-crown-6, cryptands 21, 22 and 222 frommethanol to methanol + N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone(NMP) mixtures were determined from solubility andpartition measurements at 30 °C. While the Gibbs energy of transfer of 18-C-6 is positive,increases up to X_NMP = 0.7 and thereafter decreases, the transfer energy ofdibenzo-18-C-6 is negative and decreases with the addition of NMP. However,the transfer energy of cryptand 21becomes increasingly negative with theaddition of NMP while that of cryptand 22 ispositive and increases under the sameconditions. For cryptand 222, the transferenergy is slightly negative up toX_NMP = 0.5 butdecreases markedly at higher compositions of NMP. These results have been explainedin terms of the various types of interaction between the ligand molecules, solventcomponents and the effect of solvent–solvent interactions on them.     

Determination of ionisation constants of nitrobenzidines

The ionisation constants of 2-nitrobenzidine, 2,2’-dinitrobenzidine and 2,3’-dinitrobenzidine were determined spectrophotometrically in 33-3% (w/w) methanol. The low pK value obtained for 2,3’-dinitrobenzidine when compared to that of 2-nitro and 2,2’-dinitrobenzidines is explained on the basis of electron withdrawing nature of the nitrogroup and intramolecular hydrogen bonding.     

Kinetics of the dissociation of tris(1,10-phenanthroline) iron(III) complex ion in aqueous acid solutions. A mechanistic model for product specificity

Summary The natural decay of Fe(phen) _f3 ^p3+ , where no Ce^IV is employed for scavenging the side reaction product, Fe(phen) _f3 ^p2+ , is now treated as a complex reaction involving two parallel processes, and the experimental kinetics are consistent with the rate laws derived from a mechanism that simultaneously explains the composition of the products as a function of acidity. In terms of the proposed mechanism the dissociation rate of the complex ion in acid solutions containing Ce^IV as scavenging agent is to be regarded as a Ce^IV retarded aquation rate, and OH^– is to be assigned a catalytic role in the kinetics of basic reduction.