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1.
Europium (Eu+) ions were confined in a Paul trap and detected by non-destructive method. Storage time of Eu+ ions achieved in vacuum was improved by orders of magnitude employing buffer gas cooling. The experimentally detected signal
was fitted to the ion response signal and the total number of ions trapped was estimated. It is found that the peak signal
amplitude as well as the product of FWHM and the peak signal amplitude is proportional to the total number of trapped ions.
The trapped ion secular frequency was swept at different rates and its effect on the absorption line profile was studied both
experimentally and theoretically. 相似文献
2.
H. Tsertos E. Berdermann F. Bosch M. Clemente S. Huchler P. Kienle W. Koenig C. Kozhuharov 《Zeitschrift für Physik A Hadrons and Nuclei》1992,342(1):79-94
We present the results obtained from systematic studies of positron creation for a series of heavy-collision systems, with united chargeZ u =Z 1 +Z 2 ranging fromZ u =164 (Pb + Pb) toZ u =184 (U+U) at bombarding energies close to the Coulomb barrier, using the Orangeβ-spectrometer at GSI. For each collision system studied, the dominating continuous distributions due to quasiatomic and nuclear positron emission are determined accurately. This is essential in obtaining the characteristics of the still unexplained monoenergetic positron lines which appear in the energy range between 200 keV and 400 keV. Our results are compared with coupled-channels calculations for quasi-atomic positron creation. The latter describe quite well the global features of the measured spectra, but overestimate systematically their absolute values. From the comparison, a common normalization factor of about 0.75 can be established for the calculated spectra. In particular, the dependence onZ u of the measured emission probabilities was found to follow a power law (∝Z u 195±1), in fair agreement with the theoretical prediction. 相似文献
3.
4.
Summary Chiral compounds may be separated by gas chromatography by direct enantiomer separation on optically active stationary phases. More generally the separation can be achieved on conventional stationary phases after formation of diastereoisomeric derivatives. In this work we report on new results in enantiomer separation, indicating that hydrogen bond association is not the only kind of molecular interaction responsible for enantiomer separation. For the separation of a wide variety of chiral compounds with amino or hydroxy groups diastereo-isomeric derivatives may be formed by reaction with L--chlorisovaleryl chloride. The derivatives of amino acids, aliphatic and aromatic amines, amino alcohols and of some alcohols are separated in glass capillaries. Gas chromatography as a separation technique of high selectivity is specifically useful for the separation of mixtures of chemically related components with comparable molecular interactions with the molecules of the stationary phase of a gas chromatographic column. The separation of optically active compounds, particularly, requires highly efficient columns. Glass capillary chromatography is a tool that meets this standard and was applied exclusively in this work. 相似文献
5.
A. Schröter E. Berdermann H. Geissel A. Gillitzer J. Homolka P. Kienle W. Koenig B. Povh F. Schumacher H. Ströher 《Zeitschrift für Physik A Hadrons and Nuclei》1994,350(2):101-113
Subthreshold ¯p andK
– and energetic
– production was studied in Ne + NaF, Cu, Sn and Bi, and in Ni + Ni collisions with incident energies between 1.6 and 2 GeV/u. The measured cross sections indicate a dominant contribution of baryonic resonances. This is also consistent with a generalized scaling behaviour of the cross sections with the energy available in the collision and the energy necessary to produce particles as observed with Ne induced reactions. Deviations from scaling especially pronounced in the Ni-Ni system will be discussed in terms of absorption effects. The flat slope of the excitation function for ¯p production can be related to a reduced production threshold caused by a reduction of the antiproton mass in the dense and heated medium by about 100—150 MeV/c2. A similar in-medium mass reduction is also indicated forK
– mesons. An increased ¯p reabsorption probability for the heavier systems is concluded from the comparison of the ¯p yields in Ne + NaF, Ne + Sn and Ni + Ni collisions.Dedicated to Professor Klaus Dietrich on the occasion of his 60th birthday. 相似文献
6.
7.
I. Koenig E. Berdermann F. Bosch P. Kienle W. Koenig C. Kozhuharov A. Schröter H. Tsertos 《Zeitschrift für Physik A Hadrons and Nuclei》1993,346(2):153-168
We present the results obtained from a series of +–-coincidence measurements in heavy-ion collisions using the double-Orange-spectrometer at GSI. The collision systems U+U, U+Pb, and U+Ta were investigated at bombarding energies close to and slightly above (U+Ta) the Coulomb barrier. For all systems studied, very narrow (FWHM–20 keV) +– lines were observed in the sum-energy spectra, with kinetic energies ranging from 555 keV to 810 keV, superimposed on a continuous distribution mainly due to uncorrelated +– emission. Particularly in the U+Ta system, a pronounced sum-energy line appears at 634 keV, predominantly in deep-inelastic collisions. In some cases (e.g. U+Pb) the line characteristics is consistent with a two-body decay mode of an emitter which moves with the c.m. velocity of the colliding ions. However, other lines, and in particular the 634 keV line (U+Ta), exhibit a rather isotropical opening-angle distribution whereas their energy is unequally shared between positrons and electrons, thus being in clear disagreement with this scenario. In general, the data preclude an emission from the separated (moving) nuclei, and, in the latter cases, provide evidence that the e+e–-pair decay occurs in the vicinity of the Coulomb field of a third heavy (positively charged) partner having only a small transverse velocity (|v|<>Dedicated to Prof. B. Povh on the occasion of his 60th birthday 相似文献
8.
9.
W. Koenig F. -W. Richter J. Ch. Bode B. Meinel 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1980,58(1-2):327-339
Multi-element-analysis by PIXE in respect to medical applications is discussed. Examples of trace-element determinations in
liver tissues are given, demonstrating the applicability and usefulness of this rather new analytical technique.
相似文献
10.
George Odian Richard Henry Raymond Koenig D. Mangaraj Le Doan Trung Bou Chao Arif Derman 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》1975,13(3):623-643
A theoretical analysis has been made of the graft polymerization process in terms of the quantitative interrelationship between the initiation rate Ri, the kp/kt1/ ratio of the monomer, the equilibrium solubility M of the monomer in the polymer, the polymer film thickness L, and the diffusivity D of the monomer in the polymer. It is shown how the values of these parameters in any grafting system interact to lead to diffusion-controlled graft polymerization. Whether graft polymerization is diffusion-free or diffusion-controlled depends on the values of Kp, d, kp/kp1/2, and L as gathered in the parameter A = [(Kp/kt1/2)Ri, D,/1/2] L/2. When the values of the various terms are such that A is less than 0.1 (i.e., D is large while Ri, kp, and L are small), the reaction is diffusion-free. When A is greater than 3 (i.e., D is small while Ri, kp, and L are large), the reaction is diffusion-controlled. The derived equations showing the relationship between kinetic and diffusional parameters are theoretically applicable to all grafting systems, i.e., for all monomer-polymer combinations under all conditions of reaction temperature, radiation intensity and polymer film thickness. The theoretical analysis has been verified for the rate and degree of polymerization for the radiation-induced graft polymerization of styrene to polyethylene. 相似文献