Ultrasensitive single-cell proteomics workflow identifies >1000 protein groups per mammalian cell

We report on the combination of nanodroplet sample preparation, ultra-low-flow nanoLC, high-field asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS), and the latest-generation Orbitrap Eclipse Tribrid mass spectrometer for greatly improved single-cell proteome profiling. FAIMS effectively filtered out singly charged ions for more effective MS analysis of multiply charged peptides, resulting in an average of 1056 protein groups identified from single HeLa cells without MS1-level feature matching. This is 2.3 times more identifications than without FAIMS and a far greater level of proteome coverage for single mammalian cells than has been previously reported for a label-free study. Differential analysis of single microdissected motor neurons and interneurons from human spinal tissue indicated a similar level of proteome coverage, and the two subpopulations of cells were readily differentiated based on single-cell label-free quantification.

The combination of nanodroplet sample preparation, ultra-low-flow nanoLC, high-field asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) and latest-generation mass spectrometry instrumentation provides dramatically improved single-cell proteome profiling.     

C‐S cross‐coupling reaction using novel and green synthesized CuO nanoparticles assisted by Euphorbia maculata extract

In the present study, biosynthesis of CuO nanoparticles using a rapid, eco‐friendly, cost‐effective and efficient method has been reported employing aqueous Euphorbia maculata extract as mild, renewable and non‐toxic reducing and capping agents without adding any surfactants. The biogenic and green method has some benefits compared to conventional physical and chemical methods. It is simple, cheap and environmentally friendly. The biosynthesized CuO NP displayed a color change pattern (from sky blue to black) on preparation and presented its respective broad peak at 365 nm, which was analyzed by UV–Vis spectroscopy. Using the FT‐IR analysis, biomolecules in E. maculata extract which are responsible for bioreduction activity and synthesize of CuO NP, were identified. The XRD, EDX and FESEM results confirmed the successful synthesis of CuO nanoparticles of 18 nm sizes, with spherical and sponge crystal structure. The catalytic activity of biosynthesized CuO NPs was studied in C‐S cross‐coupling reaction. This method has the advantages of high yields, easy work‐up, and simple reusability. The recovered CuO NP can be reused four times without any considerable loss of its catalytic activity.     

Euphorbia polygonifolia extract assisted biosynthesis of Fe3O4@CuO nanoparticles: Applications in the removal of metronidazole,ciprofloxacin and cephalexin antibiotics from aqueous solutions under UV irradiation

In this study, a new, economical and green method was reported for synthesizing Fe₃O₄@CuO nanoparticles without adding any surfactants using Euphorbia polygonifolia extract as a renewable, mild and safe reducing agent and effective stabilizer. The green synthesized NPs were analyzed by various methods such as XRD, FESEM, FT-IR, EDS, VSM, UV–visible, DRS, BET and TGA-DTA. Based on the BET analysis, the Fe₃O₄@CuO NP had a surface area of 69.20 m²/g. The FTIR analysis verified the existence of different functional groups of phytochemicals from Euphorbia polygonifolia extract which were accountable for the NPs formation. The catalytic performance of the catalyst for the degradation of metronidazole, ciprofloxacin and cephalexin antibiotics was examined in aqueous mediums at room temperature. The results showed an extraordinary catalytic performance, easy reusability and long-term stability of the composite for reducing antibiotic pollution. In this process, the effects of environmental conditions such as initial pH of the environment, initial concentration of antibiotics, the concentration of modified photocatalyst and reaction time were studied. According to the results, at the optimal conditions, the highest removal efficiency for metronidazole, ciprofloxacin and cephalexin antibiotics using Fe₃O₄@CuO nanoparticles, were 89%, 94%, and 96%, respectively. Also, it was observed that even after recycling, the NPs presents good nanocatalytic stability for the degradation of antibiotics. Using the NPs for five cycles did not significantly alter the photocatalyst efficiency, showing that the photocatalytic stability of the NPs was excellent.     

Synthesis of phosphonato esters involving heterocyclic biological bases in a highly diastereoselective and chemoselective route

Abstract  

Synthesis of five phosphonato esters has been accomplished via reaction between dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate and triphenyl phosphite in the presence of biological compounds such as theophylline, 4-hydroxypyrimidine, 2H-3,1-benzoxazine-2,4(1H)-dione, 2-chloroaniline, or 3-nitroaniline at ambient temperature. The configuration of the compounds was determined on the basis of coupling constants emerging from the Karplus equation.     

A review on wound dressings with an emphasis on electrospun nanofibrous polymeric bandages

Wound dressings have experienced continuous and significant changes since the ancient times. The development starts with the use of natural materials to simply cover the wounds to the materials of the present time that could be specially made to exhibit various extraordinary functions. The modern bandage materials made of electrospun biopolymers contain various active compounds that are beneficial to the healing of wounds. These materials are fibrous in nature, with the size of fibers segments ranging from tens of nanometers to micrometers. With the right choices of biopolymers used for these fibrous materials, they could enhance the healing of wounds significantly compared with the conventional fibrous dressing materials, such as gauze. These bandages could be made such that they contain bioactive ingredients, such as antimicrobial, antibacterial, and anti‐inflammatory agents, which could be released to the wounds enhancing their healing. In an active wound dressing (AWD), the main purpose is to control the biochemical states of a wound in order to aid its healing process. This review provides an overview of different types of wounds, effective parameters in wound healing and different types of wound dressing materials with a special emphasis paid to those prepared by electrospinning. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

On the nuclear modification factor at RHIC and LHC

We show that pQCD factorization incorporated with pre-hadronization energy-loss effect naturally leads to flatness of the nuclear modification factor RAA$R_{\mathit{AA}}$ for produced hadrons at high transverse momentum pT$p_T$. We consider two possible scenarios for the pre-hadronization: In scenario 1, the produced gluon propagates through dense QCD medium and loses energy. In scenario 2, all gluons first decay to quark–antiquark pairs and then each pair loses energy as propagating through the medium. We show that the estimates of the energy-loss in these two different models lead to very close values and is able to explain the suppression of high-pT$p_T$ hadrons in nucleus–nucleus collisions at RHIC. We show that the onset of the flatness of RAA$R_{\mathit{AA}}$ for the produced hadron in central collisions at midrapidity is about pT≈15$p_T\approx 15$ and 25 GeV at RHIC and the LHC energies, respectively. We show that the smallness (RAA<0.5$R_{\mathit{AA}}<0.5$ ) and the high-pT$p_T$ flatness of RAA$R_{\mathit{AA}}$ obtained from the kT$k_T$ factorization supplemented with the Balitsky–Kovchegov (BK) equation is rather generic and it does not strongly depend on the details of the BK solutions. We show that energy-loss effect reduces the nuclear modification factor obtained from the kT$k_T$ factorization about 30–50% at moderate pT$p_T$.     

Acid-catalyzed reactions of (3-(naphthalen-2-yl)-2,2-bis(trimethylsilyl)oxiran. A new synthesis of functional-group-substituted vinylsilanes

The magnesium bromide-diethyl etherate-catalyzed ring-opening of (3-(naphthalen-2-yl)-2,2-bis(trimethylsilyl)oxiran 2 with thiophenols affords (1-trimethylsilylvinyl)sulfides 3 and the (1-bromovinyl)silane 4. Nucleophilic attack occurs regioselectively at the position α- to silicon. The compound 2 has been converted into the (1-trimethylsilylvinyl)amide 5 with an excess of acetonitrile and into the (1-trimethylsilylvinyl)acetate 6 with acetic acid/acetic anhydride. These reactions proceed with catalytic amounts of boron trifluoride-diethylether. Treatment of 2 with acetic acid alone gives naphthaldehyde. The epoxide 2 reacts also with MgBr₂·OEt₂, MeLi/CuI, HX (XBr or Cl) and LiAlH₄ with nucleophilic attack at the bis(trimethylsilyl)-substituted carbon.     

Excess Molar Enthalpies of Monoethanolamine (MEA) + Primary Alkan-1-ols (C3–C6) and their Fitting with Wilson,NRTL and UNIQUAC Models at 298.15 K

Journal of Solution Chemistry - Excess molar enthalpies, $${H}_{\text{m}}^{\text{E}}$$ of binary mixtures of monoethanolamine (MEA) with propan-1-ol, butan-1-ol, pentan-1-ol and hexan-1-ol were...     

Mononuclear copper(II) complex with terpyridine and an extended phenanthroline base, [Cu(tpy)(dppz)]: Synthesis, crystal structure, DNA binding and cytotoxicity activity

The new dipyrido[3,2-a:2′,3′-c]phenazine (dppz) copper(II) complex, [Cu(tpy)(dppz)]²⁺, where tpy is 2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine, has been prepared and fully characterized by spectroscopic methods and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Its DNA binding and in vitro cytotoxicity have been also studied. The molecular structure shows a distorted trigonal bipyramidal CuN₅ coordination geometry around the copper atom. The bidentate dppz ligand binds in the equatorial plane, while tpy exhibits axial-equatorial bonding. The interaction of the complex with DNA has been investigated by electronic absorption, competitive fluorescence titration, linear dichroism, voltammetric techniques and a gel electrophoresis mobility shift assay. It is proposed that the binding mode of the complex to DNA is of an intercalation nature with the planar dppz ligands located between the base pairs of double-stranded DNA.An in vitro cytotoxicity study of the complex on human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7) cell line by an MTT assay indicates that the title complex may have the potency to act as an effective anticancer drug, with an IC₅₀ value of 4.57 μM (3.62-5.77).