Conductance Study of Binding of Some Rb+ and Cs+ Ions by Macrocyclic Polyethers in Acetonitrile Solution

A conductance study of the interaction between Rb+ and Cs+ ions and18-crown-6 (18C6), dicyclohexyl-18-crown-6 (DC18C6), dibenzo-18-crown-6 (DB18C6),dibenzo-24-crown-8 (DB24C8), and dibenzo-30-crown-10 (DB30C10) inacetonitrile solution has been carried out at various temperatures. The formationconstants of the resulting 1:1 complexes were determined from the molarconductance-mole ratio data and found to vary in the orderDC18C6 > 18C6 > DB30C10 > DB18C6 DB24C8for Rb+ ion andDC18C6 > 18C6 > DB30C10 DB24C8 > DB18C6for Cs+ ion. The enthalpy and entropy of complexation were determined fromthe temperature dependence of the formation constants. The complexes with the18-crowns are both enthalpy and entropy stabilized while, in the case of largecrown ethers, the corresponding complexes are enthalpy stabilized but entropydestabilized.     

Combination of the Hybrid Steepest-Descent Method and the Viscosity Approximation

In the context of a general q-uniformly smooth Banach space, we will prove the convergence of a scheme which covers Yamada’s hybrid steepest-descent method and Moudafi’s viscosity approximation in their complete forms. Moreover, we present an application to the minimization over a set of fixed points.     

Influence of DC electric field on the Lennard-Jones potential and phonon vibrations of carbon nanotube on catalyst

Influence of DC electric field on carbon nanotube (CNT) growth in chemical vapor deposition is studied. Investigation of electric field effect in van der Waals interaction shows that increase in DC electric field raises the magnitude of attractive term of the Lennard-Jones potential. By using a theoretical model based on phonon vibrations of CNT on catalyst, it is shown that there is an optimum field for growth. Also it is observed that CNT under optimum electric field is longer than CNT in the absence of field. Finally, the relation between optimum DC electric field and type of catalyst is investigated and for some intervals of electric field, the best catalyst is introduced, which is very useful for experimental researches.     

Covalently anchored sulfonic acid on silica gel （SiO2-R-SO3H） as an efficient and reusable heterogeneous catalyst for the one-pot synthesis of 1,8-dioxooctahydroxanthenes under solvent-free conditions

A highly efficient one-pot synthesis of 1,8-dioxooctahydroxanthenes under solvent-free conditions catalyzed by sulfonic acid covalently anchored onto the surface of silica gel is reported.All types of aldehydes,including aromatic,unsaturated,and heterocyclic,are used.The silica gel/sulfonic acid catalyst (SiO2-R-SO3H) is completely heterogeneous and can be recycled.     

The investigation of structural,electronic, elastic and thermodynamic properties of Gd1−xYxAuPb alloys: A first principle study

First principle calculations have been employed to investigate the effects of Y concentration, pressure and temperature on various properties of ${\mathrm{Gd}}_{1?x}{\mathrm{Y}}_x\mathrm{AuPb}$ ($x=0,0.25,0.5,0.75,1$) alloys using density functional theory (DFT). The full potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) method within a framework of the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) is used to perform the calculated results of this paper. Phase stability of ${\mathrm{Gd}}_{1?x}{\mathrm{Y}}_x\mathrm{AuPb}$ alloys is studied using the total energy versus unit cell volume calculations. The equilibrium lattice parameters of these alloys are in good agreement with the available experimental results. The mechanical stability of ${\mathrm{Gd}}_{1?x}{\mathrm{Y}}_x\mathrm{AuPb}$ alloys is proved using elastic constants calculations. Also, the influence of Y concentration on elastic properties of ${\mathrm{Gd}}_{1?x}{\mathrm{Y}}_x\mathrm{AuPb}$ alloys such as Young's modulus, shear modulus, Poisson's ratio and anisotropy factor are investigated and analyzed. By considering both Pugh's ratio and Poisson's ratio, the ductility and brittleness of these alloys are studied. In addition, the total density of states and orbital's hybridizations of different atoms are investigated and discussed. Moreover, the effect of pressure and temperature on some important thermodynamic properties is investigated.     

Fabrication and characterization of upconversion N-doped graphene quantum dots for improving photoelectrocatalytic performance of rutile hierarchical TiO₂ nanowires under visible and near-infrared light irradiations

The development of well-organized and low-priced photoelectrocatalysts for the clean and efficient water splitting reaction is crucial. In this context, novel nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs) with high photoluminescence and upconversion emission have been synthesized as excellent light harvester. Subsequently, ordered hierarchical TiO? nanowires were decorated with upconversion N-GQDs as a photoanode by a simple preparation method to improve the photocatalytic performance in the visible and near-infrared (NIR) regions of solar light, not otherwise absorbable by bare TiO? nanostructures. Moreover, the enhancement of charge transfer efficiency and electron–hole separation according to the energy states of N-GQDs and TiO? are considered for the improved photocatalytic performance of water splitting. N-GQDs/TiO₂ shows superior photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) performance, achieving a photocurrent density of 3.0 mA.cm^?2 in 1.0 M KOH solution, which is eight times that of unmodified TiO? at an applied voltage of 1.23 V vs. RHE. The high stability and photoelectrocatalytic activity of oxygen evolution reaction in the presence of newly synthesized N-GQDs are confirmed by chronoamperometry, open-circuit potential measurement, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The as-fabricated photoanode provides an increased solar light harvesting from UV–Vis to NIR due to the application of newly synthesized upconversion GQDs, which increase energy conversion with an appealing perspective.     

On the asymptotic properties of non-autonomous systems

By giving a new method, we study asymptotic behavior of weakly almost nonexpansive sequences and curves introduced by Djafari Rouhani (J Differ Equ 229:412–425, 2006) in a reflexive Banach space X. Subsequently, we apply our results to study the asymptotic properties of unbounded trajectories for the quasi-autonomous dissipative system ${du/dt +Au\ni f}By giving a new method, we study asymptotic behavior of weakly almost nonexpansive sequences and curves introduced by Djafari Rouhani (J Differ Equ 229:412–425, 2006) in a reflexive Banach space X. Subsequently, we apply our results to study the asymptotic properties of unbounded trajectories for the quasi-autonomous dissipative system du/dt +Au ' f{du/dt +Au\ni f}, where A is an accretive (possibly multivalued) operator in X × X, and for some f_￥ ? X{f_{\infty}\in X} and 1 ≤ p < ∞ we have g ? L^p((1,+￥);X){g\in L^p((1,+\infty);X)}, so that g(θ) = (f(θ) − f _∞)/θ, ${(\forall \theta > 1)}${(\forall \theta > 1)}. Our results extend and improve many previously known results. Moreover, we answer an open question raised by B. Djafari Rouhani.