Design of a widely tunable laser with a chirped ladder filter

We theoretically investigated a digitally tunable laser with a chirped ladder filter and a ring resonator to obtain a wide wavelength tuning range covering the whole C- or L- band. The clear relation between the tuning range and laser structure, especially the ladder filter, is described analytically. The introduction of a chirped structure into a ladder filter is effective in achieving both wide tunability and a stable lasing mode. A numerical simulation based on multimode rate equations shows that a tuning range of over 40 nm and a mode suppression ratio over 40 dB can be achieved by introducing a chirped ladder filter.     

Recursive Fermion System in Cuntz Algebra. I

Embeddings of the CAR (canonical anticommutation relations) algebra of fermions into the Cuntz algebra ?₂ (or ?_{2 d} more generally) are presented by using recursive constructions. As a typical example, an embedding of CAR onto the U(1)-invariant subalgebra of ?₂ is constructed explicitly. Generalizing this construction to the case of ?_{2 p} , an embedding of CAR onto the U(1)-invariant subalgebra of ?_{2 p} is obtained. Restricting a permutation representation of the Cuntz algebra, we obtain the Fock representation of CAR. We apply the results to embed the algebra of parafermions of order p into ?_{2 p} according to Green's ansatz. Received: 3 September 2001 / Accepted: 19 January 2002     

Improvement of Dispersion and Release Properties of Nifedipine in Suppositories by Complexation with 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin

Geometries, electronic properties and NMR-shielding of cucurbit[5]uril, decamethylcucurbit[5]uril, cucurbit[6]uril, cucurbit[7]uril, and cucurbit[8]uril are investigated with DFT calculations. All molecules are highly symmetrical with a distinct geometric flexibility. In addition with a characteristic partial charge distribution these findings account for their chemical complex building ability.     

Regioselective 2 A -2 D -Disulfonylations of Cyclodextrins for Practical Bifunctionalization on the Secondary Hydroxyl Face

A useful technique to bifunctionalize the secondary hydroxyl faces of cyclodextrins is described. Regioselective2^A,2^D-disulfonylations ofcyclodextrins were achieved by reacting cyclodextrins with a combinationof a novel disulfonyl imidazole reagent and molecular sieves inN,N-dimethylformamide. The resulting disulfonates were convertedto 2^A,3^A,2^D,3^D-dimannoepoxy-cyclodextrins and3^A,3^D-diamino-3^A,3^D-dideoxy-(2^AS,3^AS),(2^DS,3^DS)-cyclodextrins, which contain twofunctional groups on the periphery of the molecules.     

Supported molybdena catalysts: Characterization of oxidized,reduced, and sulfided MoO3 prepared by an adsorption method

Highly dispersed molybdena-titania catalyst can be prepared by an equilibrium adsorption method. In this method, molybdate anions adsorb onto the positively charged titania surfaces via electrostatic attraction by controlling the pH of the impregnating solution and they increase as an inverse function of the pH. ⁹⁵Mo-NMR and UV spectroscopic studies of impregnating solution show that the polymeric species like Mo₇O₂₄ ⁶-ions are adsorbed on titania in the acidic impregnating solution. XRD, Raman, and XPS data of the calcined samples show that mono-layer coverage of molybdenum oxide over-layer possesses a highly distorted MoO₆ group with a molecular geometry resembling the distorted square pyramid. The catalytic oxidation of methanol over the surface molybdate species on titania possesses higher turnover numbers and higher selectivities of partial oxidation products than the catalysts supported on alumina, silica, zirconia, or magnesia. Changes of the surface properties either after reduction and sulfiding treatment over monolayer catalyst on titania have also been investigated. The NO chemisorption and XPS studies show that two types of active sites appeared after reduction treatment: one site is active for hydrogenation of 1,3-butadiene and the other site is active for metathesis of propene. A higher degree coordinative unsaturations of MO is required for hydrogenation than metathesis. After sulfiding treatments of the catalyst, hydrogenation of 1,3-butadiene also requires triply coordinative unsaturation, and hydrogenolysis of thiophene requires the ensemble of doubly or triply coordinative unsaturations.     

Phase separation and extraction with acetonitrile for sample preparation in HPLC analysis

Summary Acetonitrile can be salted-out from aqueous solution by adding tetrabutylammonium perchlorate. This phase separation method has been used for the extraction of the Fe(III)-4,7-diphenylphenanthroline complex into acetonitrile followed by direct injection onto an ODS column. The Fe complex is separated by using 9:1 acetonitrile/water as a mobile phase. The proposed reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography has been applied to the determination of Fe in serum.     

Magnetic structure of graphite ribbon

Anoble mechanism of spin polarization is proposed for finite graphite sheet with edge. For graphite ribbon with zigzag edge, there appear peculiar ‘edge states’. These localized states comprise nearly flat band at the Fermi level, which easily causes magnetic instability. Magnetic structure is suggested from Hartree-Fock analysis of the Hubbard model, where huge magnetic moments are induced at around both of edges by weak HubbardU and are coupled antiferromagnetically with each other.     

Synthesis of [18,19,21,22‐13C4]‐Labeled Tautomycin as an NMR Probe of Protein Phosphatase Inhibitor

We have accomplished the synthesis of ¹³C‐labeled tautomycin at the C18, C19, C21, and C22 positions starting from 100 % [¹³C]triethylphosphonoacetate for the purpose of elucidating the dynamics and conformation of the C17–C26 moiety. NMR spectroscopy of ¹³C‐labeled tautomycin revealed strong binding with protein phosphatase type 1 and new features in the ¹³C NMR spectrum, such as the very small three‐bond coupling constants (²J).     

Electrical and magnetic properties of ion-exchangeable layered ruthenates

An ion-exchangeable ruthenate with a layered structure, K_0.2RuO_2.1, was prepared by solid-state reactions. The interlayer cation was exchanged with H⁺, C₂H₅NH₃⁺, and ((C₄H₉)₄N⁺) through proton-exchange, ion-exchange, and guest-exchange reactions. The electrical and magnetic properties of the products were characterized by DC resistivity and susceptibility measurements. Layered K_0.2RuO_2.1 exhibited metallic conduction between 300 and 13 K. The products exhibited similar magnetic behavior despite the differences in the type of interlayer cation, suggesting that the ruthenate sheet in the protonated form and the intercalation compounds possesses metallic nature.