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Cletus A D'Souza Vikramjit Chopra Richard Varhol Yuan-Yun Xie Slavita Bohacec Yongjun Zhao Lisa LC Lee Mikhail Bilenky Elodie Portales-Casamar An He Wyeth W Wasserman Daniel Goldowitz Marco A Marra Robert A Holt Elizabeth M Simpson Steven JM Jones 《BMC neuroscience》2008,9(1):1-14
Background
We have recorded responses from single neurons in murine visual cortex to determine the effectiveness of the input from the two murine cone photoreceptor mechanisms and whether there is any unique selectivity for cone inputs at this higher region of the visual system that would support the possibility of colour vision in mice. Each eye was stimulated by diffuse light, either 370 (strong stimulus for the ultra-violet (UV) cone opsin) or 505 nm (exclusively stimulating the middle wavelength sensitive (M) cone opsin), obtained from light emitting diodes (LEDs) in the presence of a strong adapting light that suppressed the responses of rods.Results
Single cells responded to these diffuse stimuli in all areas of striate cortex. Two types of responsive cells were encountered. One type (135/323 – 42%) had little to no spontaneous activity and responded at either the on and/or the off phase of the light stimulus with a few impulses often of relatively large amplitude. A second type (166/323 – 51%) had spontaneous activity and responded tonically to light stimuli with impulses often of small amplitude. Most of the cells responded similarly to both spectral stimuli. A few (18/323 – 6%) responded strongly or exclusively to one or the other spectral stimulus and rarely in a spectrally opponent manner.Conclusion
Most cells in murine striate cortex receive excitatory inputs from both UV- and M-cones. A small fraction shows either strong selectivity for one or the other cone mechanism and occasionally cone opponent responses. Cells that could underlie chromatic contrast detection are present but extremely rare in murine striate cortex. 相似文献3.
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Epitaxial La1−x
Pb
x
MnO3 (LPMO) thin films, grown on (100) SrTiO3 substrates by laser ablation technique at different temperatures between 600 and 850°C, have been characterized for electrical
and magnetic properties. The temperature dependence of resistivity showed that the metal-insulator transition temperature
(T
MI) decreases with increasing substrate temperature, which has been attributed to decrease in Pb content in the filsm. The YBa2Cu3O
x
/La1−x
MnO3 heterostructures, exhibiting both superconductivity and ferromagnetism, have been fabricated. 相似文献
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Let f, g: (Rn, 0) (Rp, 0) be two C map-germs. Then f and gare C0-equivalent if there exist homeomorphism-germs h and lof (Rn, 0) and (Rp, 0) respectively such that g = l f h1.Let k be a positive integer. A germ f is k-C0-determined ifevery germ g with jk g(0) = jk f(0) is C0-equivalent to f. Moreover,we say that f is finitely topologically determined if f is k-C0-determinedfor some finite k. We prove a theorem giving a sufficient conditionfor a germ to be finitely topologically determined. We explainthis condition below. Let N and P be two C manifolds. Consider the jet bundle Jk(N,P) with fiber Jk(n, p). Let z in Jk(n, p) and let f be suchthat z = jkf(0). Define
Whether (f) < k depends only on z, not on f. We can thereforedefine the set
Let Wk(N, P) be the subbundle of Jk(N, P) with fiber Wk(n, p).Mather has constructed a finite Whitney (b)-regular stratificationSk(n, p) of Jk(n, p) Wk(n, p) such that all strata aresemialgebraic and K-invariant, having the property that if Sk(N,P) denotes the corresponding stratification of Jk(N, P) Wk(N, P) and f C(N, P) is a C map such that jkf is multitransverseto Sk(N, P), jkf(N) Wk(N, P) = and N is compact (or f is proper),then f is topologically stable. For a map-germ f: (Rn, 0) (Rp, 0), we define a certain ojasiewiczinequality. The inequality implies that there exists a representativef: U Rp such that jkf(U 0) Wk (Rn, Rp = and suchthat jkf is multitransverse to Sk (Rn, Rp) at any finite setof points S U 0. Moreover, the inequality controlsthe rate jkf becomes non-transverse as we approach 0. We showthat if f satisfies this inequality, then f is finitely topologicallydetermined. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification: 58C27. 相似文献
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Dijk MA Kapitein LC Mameren Jv Schmidt CF Peterman EJ 《The journal of physical chemistry. B》2004,108(20):6479-6484
To obtain high-resolution information on position or conformation of a molecule and at the same time apply forces to it, one can combine optical trapping with single-molecule fluorescence microscopy. The technical challenge in such an experiment is to discriminate a minute fluorescence signal from the much larger background signals caused by the trap and the fluorescence excitation laser light. We show here that this is feasible even when the fluorophore is directly attached to the trapped particle, by using optimized optical filters. We found, however, that the photostability of the fluorophores we tested suffered from the presence of the additional laser light used for trapping. We found that bleaching rates increased linearly with both the intensity of the trapping laser and the intensity of the fluorescence excitation light. Photobleaching rates were unaffected by the presence or absence of oxygen, but were significantly diminished in the presence of antioxidants. Our results indicate that the enhanced photobleaching is caused by the absorption of a visible photon followed by the excited-state absorption of a near-infrared photon. The higher excited singlet states generated in this way readily form nonfluorescent dye cations. We found that different dyes suffer to a different extent from the excited-state absorption, with Cy3 being worst and tetramethylrhodamine least affected. 相似文献
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Shashwati Sen DK Aswal Ajay Singh TV Chandrasekhar Rao KP Muthe JC Vyas LC Gupta SK Gupta VC Sahni 《Pramana》2002,58(5-6):867-870
The MgB2 superconductor, synthesized using solid-state and liquid-phase sintering methods, have been characterized for various properties.
The upper critical field, irreversibility line and critical current density have been determined using magnetization data.
The current-voltage characteristics recorded under an applied magnetic field revealed the existence of vortex glass transition.
The surface analysis using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows that MgB2 is sensitive to atmospheric degradation. 相似文献
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