Summary A fundamental solution, to be used in reciprocal theorem for the solutions of axially symmetric transient problem of elastodynamics,
is presented. A cylindrical cavity problem has been solved to check the formulation. The strong singularity of the resulting
integral equation for this problem has been reduced to the weak form. The new formulation provides the initial velocity on
the surface for a transient loading. Some differences have been introduced for the use of generalized functions. 相似文献
A simple and rapid method for direct determination of α-tocopherol (α-T, vitamin E) in pharmaceutical preparations (vitamin and multivitamin tablets) and cow milk obtained from different villages of Erzurum in Turkey was developed and validated by GC-FID. Separation of underivatized α-T in pure substance, milk samples, vitamin and multivitamin tablets was performed in about 8.4 min, using an HP-5 capillary column. The range of quantification for the GC-FID was 1–30 μg mL?1. Within-day and between-day precision (RSD %) were less than 8.5%, and accuracy (relative error) was less than 11.0% (n = 6). LOQ and LOD values were found to be 0.35 and 0.30 μg mL?1, respectively. The developed method was applied directly and easily to the analysis of α-T in vitamin and multivitamin preparations and cow milk. RSD values were found to be 6.59% (Grandpherol soft gelatine capsule: 200 I.U.), 0.59% (Megadyn film tablet: 10 mg) and 1.54% (Supradyn drage: 10 I.U.). The developed method was also applied to cow milk samples and mean values of α-T content was found 2.99 μg mL?1 in cow milk samples. This developed and validated GC–FID method, in conjunction with other methods, could be successfully applied for routine laboratory because of its simplicity, rapidity, sensitivity, precision and accuracy. 相似文献
Medium to large volume ignimbrites usually show vertical changes in terms of color, mineral components, texture and geochemistry. Determination of vertical changes in single extensive ignimbrite flow unit is difficult and requires careful studies. Color changes in ignimbrite flow units are very important for earth scientists. This may cause to identify the same ignimbrite series with different definition. Incesu ignimbrite has a wide distribution in the Central Anatolian Volcanic Province (CAVP). It is classified into three levels as lower, middle and upper according to color and welding degree. There is a sharp contact between the lower and middle level. The lower level is dark brown to black in color and the middle level has pinkish red to red color. The present paper focuses on the investigation of color changes between the ignimbrite levels by using micro-XRF and confocal Raman spectrometry. Micro-XRF and Raman spectrometry studies were performed on the polished thin sections of the lower and middle levels with different compositions. These differences were because of the compositional changes of K and slightly Fe elements distribution within the matrix. The dark brown to black color of the lower level was related to the high concentration of the K and Fe relatively to the middle level. Confocal Raman spectrometry investigations exhibited the matrix of the lower level mainly composed of anorthoclase, supporting the results of the micro-XRF. 相似文献
We present a second order self-consistent implicit/explicit (methods that use the combination of implicit and explicit discretizations are often referred to as IMEX (implicit/explicit) methods , and ) time integration technique for solving radiation hydrodynamics problems. The operators of the radiation hydrodynamics are splitted as such that the hydrodynamics equations are solved explicitly making use of the capability of well-understood explicit schemes. On the other hand, the radiation diffusion part is solved implicitly. The idea of the self-consistent IMEX method is to hybridize the implicit and explicit time discretizations in a nonlinearly consistent way to achieve second order time convergent calculations. In our self-consistent IMEX method, we solve the hydrodynamics equations inside the implicit block as part of the nonlinear function evaluation making use of the Jacobian-free Newton Krylov (JFNK) method , and . This is done to avoid order reductions in time convergence due to the operator splitting. We present results from several test calculations in order to validate the numerical order of our scheme. For each test, we have established second order time convergence. 相似文献
A gas chromatographic (GC) method with a rapid and simple sample preparation was developed and validated for determination of prilocaine in human plasma. The validation parameters of linearity, precision, accuracy, recovery, specificity, limit of detection and limit of quantification were studied. The range of quantification for the GC method was 50–300 ng mL?1 in plasma. Intra- and inter-day precision, expressed as the relative standard deviation (RSD) were less than 4.5%, and accuracy (relative error) was better than 8.0% (n = 6). The analytical recovery of prilocaine HCl from plasma has averaged 96.5% and the recovery of internal standard (lidocaine HCl) reached 96.8%. The limit of quantification (LOQ) and the limit of detection (LOD) of the method for plasma were 50 and 40 ng mL?1, respectively. Also the developed and validated method was applied to three healthy volunteers to whom a local anaesthesia with citanest was administered. 相似文献
The present work describes the methodology and validation of gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) for the determination of carbamazepine with internal standard (diazepam) in pharmaceutical preparations. The method was linear from 2–30 μg mL−1. The RSD values for precision was less than 9%, accuracy (relative error) was better than 11% (n = 6). The developed method was successfully applied for the assay of pharmaceutical dosage forms which do not require any preliminary separation or treatment of the samples. The RSD values for Tegretol® tablets (200 mg) and Karberol® tablets (200 mg) was found to be 4.03 and 3.25%, respectively. The results obtained from this method were compared with the reference method (LC) reported in literature and no significant difference was found statistically.
Adaptive solution techniques are presented for simulating underwater explosions and implosions. The liquid is assumed to be an adiabatic fluid and the solution in the gas is assumed to be uniform in space. The solution in water is integrated in time using a semi-implicit time discretization of the adiabatic Euler equations. Results are presented either using a non-conservative semi-implicit algorithm or a conservative semi-implicit algorithm. A semi-implicit algorithm allows one to compute with relatively large time steps compared to an explicit method. The interface solver is based on the coupled level set and volume-of-fluid method (CLSVOF) [M. Sussman, A second order coupled level set and volume-of-fluid method for computing growth and collapse of vapor bubbles, J. Comput. Phys. 187 (2003) 110–136; M. Sussman, E.G. Puckett, A coupled level set and volume-of-fluid method for computing 3D and axisymmetric incompressible two-phase flows, J. Comput. Phys. 162 (2000) 301–337]. Several underwater explosion and implosion test cases are presented to show the performances of our proposed techniques. 相似文献
The vibration and stability of axially loaded sandwich cylindrical shells with the functionally graded (FG) core with and without shear stresses and rotary inertia resting Pasternak foundation are investigated. The dynamic stability is derived based on the first order shear deformation theory (FSDT) including shear stresses. The axial load and dimensionless fundamental frequency for FG sandwich shell with shear stresses and rotary inertia and resting on the Pasternak foundation. Finally, the influences of variations of FG core, elastic foundations, shear stresses and rotary inertia on the fundamental frequencies and critical axial loads are investigated. 相似文献