Musa sp. Leaves Extract Ameliorates the Hepato-Renal Toxicities Induced by Cadmium in Mice

Heavy metals intoxication causes several health problems that necessitate finding new protective and therapeutic approaches. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of Musa sp. leaves extract (MLE) on hepato-renal toxicities induced by cadmium (Cd) in male mice. The phytochemical screening, metal chelating activity (MCA), and the median lethal dose (LD₅₀) of MLE were determined. Fifty CD-1 male mice were used and intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with MLE (1000 to 5000 mg/kg b.wt) for MLE LD₅₀ determination. Another 50 mice were used for evaluating the effect of MLE on Cd toxicity. Blood samples were collected for hematological, liver, and kidney functions assessments. Liver tissue homogenates were used for determination of oxidant/antioxidant parameters. Liver and kidney tissues were harvested for histopathological and molecular investigations. MLE showed potent in vitro antioxidant activities. The MCA and LD₅₀ of the MLE were 75 µg/mL and 3000 mg/kg b.wt, respectively. MLE showed beneficial therapeutic activity against hepato-renal toxicities in Cd-intoxicated mice, evidenced by improving the hematological, biochemical, histopathological, and molecular alterations.     

Existence of undercompressive weak solutions to the Euler equations

We prove the local existence of an undercompressive hydrodynamical shock to the isothermal Euler equations with a non-monotone pressure function. This nonlinear problem will be formulated as an abstract hyperbolic initial boundary value problem. The existence of a weak solution to a linearized version of the problem is shown with the use of Riesz theorem. Using the results of the linear system yields by an iteration scheme (local in time) well-posedness of the nonlinear problem. The system of equations is obtained by modeling the motion of sharp liquid-vapor interfaces including configurational forces as well as surface tension. The considered non-viscous Van der Waals fluid is compressible and allows phase transitions. The propagating phase boundary is controlled by a modified version of the Rankine-Hugoniot jump condition obtained by the Young-Laplace law. Entropy dissipation at the interface is precisely described by a kinetic relation. (© 2016 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Beiträge zur Papierchromatographie organischer Substanzen

Zusammenfassung Alkylhalogenide werden als Oniumsalze, tertiäre aliphatische, aromatische und heterocyclische Basen nach Umsetzung mit Methyljodid als Ammoniumsalze und Arylhalogenide als Nitroarylhalogenide papierchromatographisch identifiziert.     

Persistence of undercompressive phase boundaries for isothermal Euler equations including configurational forces and surface tension

The persistence of subsonic phase boundaries in a multidimensional Van der Waals fluid is analyzed. The phase boundary is considered as a sharp free boundary that connects liquid and vapor bulk phase dynamics given by the isothermal Euler equations. The evolution of the boundary is driven by effects of configurational forces as well as surface tension. To analyze this problem, the equations and trace conditions are linearized such that one obtains a general hyperbolic initial boundary value problem with higher‐order boundary conditions. A global existence theorem for the linearized system with constant coefficients is shown. The proof relies on the normal mode analysis and a linear form in suitable spaces that is defined using an associated adjoint problem. Especially, the associated adjoint problem satisfies the uniform backward in time Kreiss–Lopatinski? condition. A new energy‐like estimate that also includes surface energy terms leads finally to the uniqueness and regularity for the found solutions of the problem in weighted spaces. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Spectrophotometric and atomic absorption determination of Ni(II) in fresh and sea waters after preconcentration by flotation

A highly selective and sensitive procedure for flotation separation followed by spectrophotometric determination, confirmed by AAS, of Ni(II) traces is proposed. The maximum flotation separation (100%) is achieved at 25° C in the pH range of 1–3 using sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (as a collector) and oleic acid surfactant. The floated (1 : 2) colored complex is measured spectrophotometrically at 430 nm over a concentration range of 0.5–4.0 g/g with a molar absorptivity of 0.44 × 10⁴ L mol^–1 cm^–1. The procedure was successfully applied for the separation and determination of Ni(II) in fresh and sea waters.     

Selective separation of Hg(II) from aqueous solutions by the precipitate flotation technique

Summary The flotation of Hg(II) ions as sulphide or iodide from aqueous solutions has been investigated, using oleic acid as surfactant. Selective separation from Cd ions has been achieved. There was no interference by Bi, Pb, Cu, Cd, Mn, Zn, Co or Ni.     

Beiträge zur Papierchromatographie organischer Substanzen. I

Zusammenfassung Die papierchromatographischen Methoden zur Analyse von Nitroverbindungen, Aldehyden und Ketonen wurden überprüft, Vereinfachungen und Verbesserungen vorgeschlagen.Aliphatische Halogenverbindung konnten erstmalig durch Überführen in Pyridiniumsalze papierchromatographisch getrennt und nachgewiesen werden.     

Spectrophotometric and atomic absorption determination of Ni(II) in fresh and sea waters after preconcentration by flotation

A highly selective and sensitive procedure for flotation separation followed by spectrophotometric determination, confirmed by AAS, of Ni(II) traces is proposed. The maximum flotation separation (100%) is achieved at approximately 25 degrees C in the pH range of 1-3 using sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (as a collector) and oleic acid surfactant. The floated (1 : 2) colored complex is measured spectrophotometrically at 430 nm over a concentration range of 0.5-4.0 microg/g with a molar absorptivity of 0.44 x 10(4) L mol(-1) cm(-1). The procedure was successfully applied for the separation and determination of Ni(II) in fresh and sea waters.     

Quantification of multi-class antibiotics by UHPLC–MS/MS analysis combined with salt-assisted acetonitrile extraction: comparative evaluation of dairy and poultry manure

ABSTRACT

A comprehensive multiresidue method for the analysis of 33 antibiotics from 7 prevalent classes was comparably investigated for both dairy and poultry manure samples, which can be important pollution sources for the release of antibiotics into the environment. Following salting-out-assisted extraction with acetonitrile, the antibiotics were quantified with ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry without a clean-up step. By changing the composition of the mobile phase for chromatography, a pronounced signal enhancement was achieved not only for tetracyclines (TCs) but also for other groups of antibiotics in the manure samples. Although the physicochemical properties of selected antibiotics were quite different, the apparent recovery values from dairy and poultry manure samples by using an extraction solvent comprising McIlvaine buffer and ethylenediaminetetraacetic solution at pH 3 were 86–121% and 89–113%, respectively. Apparent recovery of the antibiotics was not remarkably affected by the extraction solvent over a wide range of pH values, with the exception of the recovery of TC antibiotics from poultry manure, which was in the 53–55% range at pH 8. Furthermore, the poor performance of the analytical method for a few of the antibiotics in poultry manure was correlated with high metal and organic contents of the complicated matrix. The high suppression effects of co-eluted matrix components were compensated by constructing matrix-matched calibration curves and by using internal standards. Simultaneous quantification of seven different antibiotic classes with low limit of detection values varying from 0.38 to 31 μg kg^?1 for dairy manure and from 0.32 to 5.85 μg kg^?1 for poultry manure facilitated their monitoring. The application of the developed analytical method to dairy, broiler and layer-hen manure samples from confined animal feeding operations showed that a wide variety of antibiotics at high concentrations were found in broiler manure.