排序方式: 共有29条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
2.
Dr. Chinmoy Mukherjee Kaarina Mäkinen Prof. Dr. Johannes Savolainen Prof. Dr. Reko Leino 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2013,19(24):7961-7974
A series of oligovalent carbohydrate assemblies (ranging from mono‐ to pentavalent), derived from three structurally different β‐linked or β‐(1→2)‐linked mannosides, has been chemically synthesized, and the respective compounds have been biologically evaluated in order to investigate their immunostimulatory properties. The Crich methodology for β‐mannosylation was successfully utilized to introduce the β‐linkages, and a click chemistry protocol was utilized to generate the oligovalent derivatives. A convenient protecting group strategy involving the simultaneous use of both p‐methoxybenzyl and benzylidene groups was employed, which allowed a simple and cost‐effective global deprotection step. The immunomodulatory properties of the synthesized multivalent mannosides were evaluated by assessing cytokine production in human white blood cell cultures. The Th2‐type cytokines interleukin‐4 and interleukin‐5 (IL‐4 and IL‐5), the Th1 cytokine interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ), the Treg cytokine IL‐10, and the pro‐inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) were included in the screening. A single trivalent acetylated mannobiose derivative was identified as a potent inducer of Treg and Th1 immune response, resulting in strong IL‐10 and moderate IFN‐γ productions dose‐dependently, while inducing no Th2 cytokine response. The immunomodulatory properties of this trivalent mannoside were further studied in vitro in allergen (Bet v)‐stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures of birch pollen allergic subjects. Stimulation with birch pollen induced strong IL‐4 and IL‐5 responses, which could be suppressed by the trivalent acetylated mannobiose derivative. The IL‐10 response was also suppressed, whereas the production of IFN‐γ was strongly enhanced. The results suggest that the identified lead compound has suppressive effects on the Th2‐type allergic inflammatory response and shows potential as a possible lead adjuvant for the specific immunotherapy of allergies. 相似文献
3.
Kaarina Kekäläinen Henrikki Liimatainen Jouko Niinimäki 《Cellulose (London, England)》2014,21(5):3691-3700
Periodate–chlorite oxidized bleached hardwood kraft pulp fibre samples with six levels of charge densities ranging from 0.5 to 1.8 mmol/g were gradually disintegrated to microfibrils using a high-shear homogenizer. The disintegration kinetics and mechanisms were studied by a flow fractionation method, and the properties of the resulting particles were determined using low shear viscosity and transmittance measurements. The particles formed during the disintegration were visualized with a charge-coupled device camera and by field-emission scanning electron microscopy. The result showed that cellulose fibres with a low charge density disintegrated at a low rate and produced ragged fibres and bunches of microfibrils via bursting of the fibre walls, whereas those with a higher charge density broke down at a high rate and microfibrils were formed through swelling and the creation of balloon structures. A carboxyl content of 1.2 mmol/g was found to be the threshold value for the efficient formation of high aspect ratio microfibrils and also for the change in the disintegration mechanism in the high-shear homogenizer. 相似文献
4.
Anirudra Parajuli Daniel H. Kwak Luca Dalponte Dr. Niina Leikoski Tomas Galica Ugochukwu Umeobika Dr. Laurent Trembleau Andrew Bent Prof. Kaarina Sivonen Matti Wahlsten Dr. Hao Wang Dr. Ermanno Rizzi Prof. Gianluca De Bellis Prof. James Naismith Prof. Marcel Jaspars Prof. Xinyu Liu Dr. Wael Houssen Dr. David Peter Fewer 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2017,56(2):433-433
5.
Anirudra Parajuli Daniel H. Kwak Luca Dalponte Dr. Niina Leikoski Tomas Galica Ugochukwu Umeobika Dr. Laurent Trembleau Andrew Bent Prof. Kaarina Sivonen Matti Wahlsten Dr. Hao Wang Dr. Ermanno Rizzi Prof. Gianluca De Bellis Prof. James Naismith Prof. Marcel Jaspars Prof. Xinyu Liu Dr. Wael Houssen Dr. David Peter Fewer 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2016,55(11):3596-3599
Cyanobactins are a rapidly growing family of linear and cyclic peptides produced by cyanobacteria. Kawaguchipeptins A and B, two macrocyclic undecapeptides reported earlier from Microcystis aeruginosa NIES‐88, are shown to be products of the cyanobactin biosynthetic pathway. The 9 kb kawaguchipeptin (kgp) gene cluster was identified in a 5.26 Mb draft genome of Microcystis aeruginosa NIES‐88. We verified that this gene cluster is responsible for the production of the kawaguchipeptins through heterologous expression of the kgp gene cluster in Escherichia coli. The KgpF prenyltransferase was overexpressed and was shown to prenylate C‐3 of Trp residues in both linear and cyclic peptides in vitro. Our findings serve to further enhance the structural diversity of cyanobactins to include tryptophan‐prenylated cyclic peptides. 相似文献
6.
Gottschling SE Grant TN Milnes KK Jennings MC Baines KM 《The Journal of organic chemistry》2005,70(7):2686-2695
[reaction: see text] The reactions of (trans-2-phenylcyclopropyl)ethyne, 1a, (trans,trans-2-methoxy-3-phenylcyclopropyl)ethyne, 1b, and (trans,trans-2-methoxy-1-methyl-3-phenylcyclopropyl)ethyne, 1c, with either aqueous sulfuric acid or tris(trimethylsilyl)silane (or tributyltin hydride) and AIBN have been investigated. Protonation and addition of the silyl (or stannyl) radical occurred at the terminal position of the alkyne giving an alpha-cyclopropyl-substituted vinyl cation or radical, respectively. Under both reaction conditions, 1a yielded products derived from ring opening toward the phenyl substituent. Alkynes 1b and 1c, however, gave different products depending on whether radical or cationic conditions were used. When radical conditions were employed, products derived from regioselective ring opening toward the phenyl substituent were obtained. In contrast, when cationic conditions were employed, products derived from selective ring opening toward the methoxy substituent were isolated. The corresponding alpha-cyclopropyl-substituted vinyllithium derivatives were also synthesized and were found to be stable toward rearrangement. An estimate of the rate constants for ring opening of the alpha-cyclopropylvinyl cations was also made: values of 10(10)-10(12) s(-1) were found for the vinyl cations derived from protonation of the terminal carbon of alkynes 1a-c. Based on these results, cyclopropyl alkynes 1a-c can be classified as hypersensitive mechanistic probes for the detection of vinyl radical or cationic intermediates generated adjacent to the cyclopropyl ring and, in the case of 1b and 1c, the distinction between a radical or cationic intermediate is possible. 相似文献
7.
Niilo Lounamaa 《Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry》1956,153(1):11-20
Zusammenfassung Das Ziel vorliegender Arbeit ist es, Aufschlu\ zu geben über den Einflu\ des Ionisationspotentials, des Grundsubstanzelementes und der Zusatzelemente sowie auch des Anregungspotentials der Linien auf die StabilitÄt der LinienverhÄltnisse in einer gegebenen Funkenentladung. Es wurden Mischungen von mehreren Zusatzelementen in Grundsubstanzen Cs2SO4, Li2SO4, MgSO4, BeSO4 und CdSO4 wiederholt abgefunkt und die erhaltenen Spektren bezüglich der Streuung der LinienverhÄltnisse ausgewertet. Der Einflu\ des Anregungspotentials zeigt sich viel grö\er als der des Ionisationspotentials. Die kleinsten Streuungen werden in Li2SO4 und MgSO4 festgestellt und die überaus grö\ten in CdSO4. 相似文献
8.
The absorptiometric thiocyanate method for molybdenum has been thoroughly studied with regard to the role of the following reagents: HC1, H2SO4, HClO4, KSCN, SnCl2 and Fe. A method is described, which allows the determination of 0.01–10% Mo in steel with a relative standard deviation of less than 0.5%. The only interferences (slight) are Nb and the combination V and W. The method gives better than 99.8% recoveries. Results for the determination of molybdenum in standard samples are presented. 相似文献
9.
Kaarina Lounamaa 《Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry》1956,150(1):7-13
Zusammenfassung Für die Trennung des Kupfers von Blei bei Anwesenheit von großen Mengen Wismut wird die unmittelbare Extraktion der überchlorsauren Lösung mittels Diäthylammoniumdiäthyldithiocarbaminat vorgeschlagen. Die Bestimmung des Kupfers wird danach durch die Messung der Absorption des Extraktes bei 600 m ausgeführt. Wegen der einfachen Durchführung wird eine sehr gute Genauigkeit bei Bestimmung von 100 bis 500 g Cu in Anwesenheit von 1–10 g Pb erzielt.Zur Bestimmung von noch kleineren Mengen Kupfer in Anwesenheit eines großen Überschusses Wismut und Blei wird eine neue Methode entwickelt. Auch dabei werden Kupfer wie auch Wismut zunächst mittels Diäthylammoniumdiäthyldithiocarbaminat von anderen Metallen extraktiv getrennt. Aus dem Extrakt wird dann aber mittels Cyanid nur das Kupfer in die wäßrige Phase zurückgeschüttelt. Nach Zerstörung des Cyanidüberschusses mit Formaldehyd in saurer Lösung wird das Kupfer aufs neue mit dem Reagens extrahiert und die Absorption des Extraktes bei 440 g gemessen. Diese Methode gestattet die Bestimmung von sehr kleinen Mengen Kupfer (etwa 5–50 g) in Anwesenheit eines großen Überschusses Blei und Wismut. Das Verfahren ist sehr selektiv für Kupfer. 相似文献
10.
Kaarina Kekäläinen Henrikki Liimatainen Mirja Illikainen Thad C. Maloney Jouko Niinimäki 《Cellulose (London, England)》2014,21(3):1163-1174
The effect of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO)-mediated oxidation on the structure of hornified fibres and their disintegration behaviour was studied by a method combining gradual disintegration of the fibre structure in an in-line homogenizer with a chromatographic separation technique. It was seen that hornification prior to TEMPO-mediated oxidation had a notable effect on the disintegration behaviour of bleached cellulose fibres in a high-shear homogenizer and on the properties of the resulting particles. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy imaging of the suspensions and viscosity and transmittance measurements revealed that never-dried oxidized fibres disintegrated into bunches of microfibrils and at higher charge densities into thinner and more individual microfibrils. These microfibrils were obtained from fibres through swelling and ballooning. The hornified fibres were mainly cut into shorter ones as the charge density increased. After reversing the hornification and allowing the fibres to swell further, however, microfibrils were also obtained from this source. The charge threshold for efficient microfibril production from never-dried fibres in the high-shear homogenizer used here was 0.7 mmol/g. 相似文献