Self-Restoration Properties of VWP Networks by Spare Wavelength Optimization

The self-restoration properties in VWP networks are investigated with optimization about spare wavelength by simulations. Rapid restoration can be achieved by selection of rerouting path with long delay and no delay-limitation for new routes.     

Measurements on diproton emission from the break-up channels of ~(23)Al and ~(22)Mg

Two-proton relative momentum distributions from the break-up channels 23Al→p+p+21Na and 22Mg→p+p+20Ne at an energy of 60-70 A MeV have been measured together with two-proton opening angles at the projectile fragment separator beamline (RIPS) in the RIKEN Ring Cyclotron Facility. The results demonstrate the existence of diproton emission component from single-step 2He for highly excited 23Al and 22Mg.     

N-乙基壳聚糖的针状结晶

在N 乙基壳聚糖的甲酸溶液浇铸膜中观察到高分子少有的针状晶体 .从球晶经后结晶得到的针状晶体为长条矩形 ,典型尺寸为～ 5 0 μm× 2～ 5 μm× 1～ 2 μm ,高分子链平行于晶体长轴 .针状晶体首先出现在球晶的核心处 ,继而出现在球晶微纤每个树枝状分叉处 ,最后才遍布球晶各处 .针状晶体可以看成是高分子伸直链结晶的一种 .浇铸膜吸潮实际上形成了超浓溶液 (浓度 >80wt% ) ,从而分子链可以运动而后结晶成针状晶体     

The assignment of IR absorption bands due to free hydroxyl groups in cellulose

Interpretation of the IR hydroxyl absorption bands in cellulose has been limited to the inter- and intramolecularly hydrogen-bonded hydroxyl groups in the crystalline form. This paper attempts to assign IR frequencies due to ‘free‘ or non-hydrogen bonded hydroxyl groups by using a curve fitting method. The almost completely methylated cellulose derivatives of tritylcellulose (previously used in related studies) exhibited small IR bands due to hydroxyl groups. The IR bands were assumed to appear under stereohindered conditions and thus resulted in a mixture of bands which included the contribution of free hydroxyl groups. The curve fitting method deconvoluted the IR bands into three bands in the OH stretching region: they were interpreted in terms of free or hydrogen bonded hydroxyl groups. The assignments were confirmed by comparison of an almost completely methylated derivative with partially methylated derivatives having different degrees of substitution. In addition, intramolecular hydrogen bonds involving OH at the C-3, C-2 and C-6 positions were shown to be easily formed, even between extremely small numbers of unsubstituted hydroxyl groups present, and thus cause perturbation of the specific deconvoluted band. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Third-Order Upwind Finite Element Simulation of Flow Around Two Square Cylinders

The aerodynamic behavior of the flow around two square cylinders is presented on the basis of the numerical simulation of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations using a third-order upwind finite element scheme. It is well known that flow patterns around the two square cylinders are more complicated than flow patterns around one square cylinder because of interference between the Karman vortices behind the two square cylinders. In this paper, two kinds of cylinder arrangements are chosen as computational models. One type is that of two square cylinders arranged vertically to the direction of a uniform flow, and the other is arranged horizontally to the direction of a uniform flow.     

Insight into chemical mechanisms of sepal color development and variation in hydrangea

Hydrangea (Hydrangea macrophylla) is a unique flower because it is composed of sepals rather than true petals that have the ability to change color. In the early 20th century, it was known that soil acidity and Al³⁺ content could intensify the blue hue of the sepals. In the mid-20th century, the anthocyanin component 3-O-glucosyldelphinidin (1) and the copigment components 5-O-caffeoylquinic, 5-O-p-coumaroylquinic, and 3-O-caffeoylquinic acids (2–4) were reported. Interestingly, all hydrangea colors from red to purple to blue are produced by the same organic components. We were interested in this phenomenon and the chemical mechanisms underlying hydrangea color variation. In this review, we summarize our recent studies on the chemical mechanisms underlying hydrangea sepal color development, including the structure of the blue complex, transporters involved in accumulation of aluminum ion (Al³⁺), and distribution of the blue complex and aluminum ions in living sepal tissue.