Synthesis and antimycobacterial activity of alkyl 1‐heteroaryl‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazole‐4‐carboxylates

A series of alkyl l‐heteroaryl‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazole‐4‐carboxylates 6a‐u were synthesised in four steps from methyl (Z)‐2‐benzyloxycarbonylarmino‐3‐(dimethylamino)prop‐2‐enoate ( 1 ) and heterocyclic amines 2a‐s. Triazoles 6a‐o were tested against antimycobacterial activity. For the most active compound, n‐pentyl 1‐(6‐phenylpyridazin‐3‐yl)‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazole‐4‐carboxylate ( 6n ), minimum inhibitory concentration 3.13 μg/ml was determined.     

Ex-Chiral Pool Enaminones in the Synthesis of Functionalised Heterocycles

Various chiral enaminones and hydrazones, derived from chiral pool starting materials, such as L-aspartic acid, L-3-phenylalanine, (+)-camphor, and D-aldoses were employed as key-intermediates in the synthesis of functionalised heterocycles, such as aminomethylidene substituted tetramic acids, heteroaryl substituted phenethylamines and terpenes, and C-nucleosides.     

Synthesis of functionalized compounds containing pyridazine and related moieties

3‐Aminopyridazines 17 and 3‐hydrazinopyridazines 18 were used as building blocks for the preparation of various types of functionalized, pyridazine ring containing compounds. 3‐Aminopyridazines were employed in the synthesis of 3‐(6‐chloroimidazo[1,2‐b]pyridazin‐2‐yl)alanines 26, 27 and for the preparation of 3‐amino‐4H‐pyrimido[1,2‐b]pyridazin‐4‐ones 103 , intermediates in the ‘ring switching’ synthesis of alkyl 1‐pyridazin‐3‐yl‐1,2,3‐triazole‐4‐carboxylates 106 .On the other hand, hydrazinopyridazines 18 were employed in a two‐step preparation of 3‐functionalized 1,2,4‐triazolo[4,3‐b]pyridazines via condensation with functionalized aldehydes and their enamino analogs followed by oxidative cyclization of the intermediate hydrazones. In this manner, 1,2,4‐triazolo[4,3‐b]pyridazin‐3‐yl substituted alanines 29, 30 , polyols 33, 39–48 , C‐nucleosides 49, 50 , and terpenes 58, 62, 64–69 were prepared. In another general approach, 3‐hydrazinopyridazines 18 were treated with functionalized enaminones as 1,3‐dielectrophiles to give the 1‐(substituted pyridazin‐3‐yl)‐1H‐pyrazole derivatives containing an ester 72, 73, 75, 76 , alanine 79, 84, 85, 87 , 2‐phenylethylamine 97, 99 , and β‐amino alcohol functional element 98, 100 . In the reaction of 4‐oxohomoglutamate 82 with hydrazine hydrate and methyl hydrazine, chiral functionalized tetrahydropyridazinones 88a,b were obtained.     

Parallel solution-phase synthesis of (Z)-3-(arylamino)-2,3-dehydroalanine derivatives and solid-phase synthesis of fused pyrimidones

N-Protected (Z)-3-(arylamino)-2,3-dehydroalanine esters 5 and 10 were prepared in one step from methyl (Z)-2-acylamino-3-(dimethylamino)prop-2-enoates 3 and 9 and anilines 4 employing a parallel solution-phase synthetic approach. In most cases, analytically pure products 5 and 10 were obtained. On the other hand, a three-step parallel solid-phase synthesis of 2-acetylamino-4H-azino[1,2-x]pyrimidin-4-ones 15 via the polymer-bound methyl (Z)-2-acetylamino-3-(dimethylamino)prop-2-enoate (12) was also developed.     

Enaminone‐Based Synthesis of Dipodazine Derivatives

A series of racemic dipodazine analogues 9 were prepared in 22–80% yield from (3Z,6RS)‐3‐[(dimethylamino)methylidene]‐6‐methyl‐1‐(phenylmethyl)piperazine‐2,5‐dione ( 7 ) (Scheme 1), which was prepared in four steps from (RS)‐alanine methyl ester hydrochloride. The preparation of nonracemic 7 from (S)‐alanine methyl ester hydrochloride failed, since the introduction of the enamino functionality at position 3 of the precursor 6 was accompanied by almost complete racemization.     

Synthesis and Transformation of Methyl 2‐(6‐Hydroxy‐2‐phenylpyrimidin‐4‐yl)acetate: Simple Preparation of Pyrimidines with Heterocyclic Substituents

A simple and efficient synthesis of four new substituted pyrimidines, compounds 9a – d , from the title compound 3 is described. Conversion of 3 to methyl (E)‐3‐(dimethylamino)‐2‐(6‐methoxy‐2‐phenylpyrimidin‐4‐yl)prop‐2‐enoate ( 4 ), followed by condensation with various dinucleophiles according to the ‘enaminone methodology’, afforded the target compounds 9 in medium‐to‐good yields.     

Stereoselective synthesis of (+)-SCH 351448: a unique ligand system for sodium, calcium, and other cations

(+)-SCH 351448 (Na+ salt A) was synthesized employing ring-closing olefin metathesis reaction of an open diene diester intermediate for construction of the 28-membered macrodiolide structure. The open diene diester was prepared from the monomeric hydroxy carboxylic acid and two different olefin fragments. The monomeric hydroxy acid was synthesized via Julia-Julia coupling reaction of intermediates derived from the same olefinic fragments. Oxane units in these fragments were prepared by radical cyclization reactions of beta-alkoxyacrylates. Analogous SCH 351448 salts incorporating other mono- and divalent cations may be prepared. Under acidic conditions, SCH 351448 (Na+ salt A) was the most stable complex, but SCH 351448 (Ca2+ salt) and (Na+ salt B) appear to be physiologically important species.     

Synthesis and manganese complexes of pentagonal bipyramidal ligands: N,N′-disubstituted pentaaza macrocycles

Two novel heptadentate ligands, pentaaza macrocycles with two pendant xpyridyl and phenol groups, were prepared and the crystal structure of the manganese(II) complex of N,N′-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)-pentaaza macrocycle revealed a pentagonal bipyramidal geometry.     

Fluorine containing coordination compounds of Cr(III)

Trans-[Cr(NH₃)₄F₂]I·H₂O (A) has monoclinic P2_l/m (No. 11) space group witha=5.033 (3),b=16.333 (10),c=5.539 (3) Å and =98.47 (3)°,Z=2.Cis-[Cr(NH₃)₄F₂]ClO₄ (B) has tetragonal space group I4_lmd (No. 109) witha=7.417 (1),c=16.610 (2) Å,Z=4. Cr–F and Cr–N bonding distances are 1.894 (3); 2.087 and 2.083 (5) Å for A and 1.887 (6); 2.062 (5) and 2.051 (7) Å for B. Octahedral angles within the cations are close to 90° for both compounds. Cr–N bondtrans to Cr–F bond in thecis compound is shorter. Structures were refined toR ₂ values of 0.072 (A) and 0.058 (B).Trans-[Cr(NH₃)₄F₂]I·H₂O has weak N–H–F hydrogen bonds between the cations. None such interactions were found incis-[Cr(NH₃)₄F₂]ClO₄.

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Fluorhältige Komplexe des Cr(III), 2. Mitt.: Kristall- und Molekülstruktur von trans-[Cr(NH₃)₄F₂]I·H₂O und cis-[Cr(NH₃)₄F₂]ClO₄

Zusammenfassung Trans-[Cr(NH₃)₄F₂]I·H₂O (A) kristallisiert in der Raumgruppe P2_l/m (No. 11) mitZ=2 unda=5,033 (3),b=16,333 (10),c=5,539 (3) Å und =98,47 (3)°.Cis-[Cr(NH₃)₄F₂]ClO₄ (B) kristallisiert in der Raumgruppe I4_lmd (No. 109) mitZ=4,a=7,417 (1) undc=16,610 (2) Å. Die Cr–F- und Cr–N-Abstände sind 1,894 (3); 2,087 (6), 2,083 (5) Å für A und 1,887 (6); 2,062 (5), 2,051 (7) Å für B. Die octaedrischen Bindungswinkel innerhalb der Kationen weichen nicht viel von 90° ab. Der Cr–N-Abstand intrans-Position der Cr–F-Bindung ist kürzer. Die Strukturen wurden bis zu GütefaktorenR ₂ 0,072 (A) und 0,058 (B) verfeinert. Bei der Verbindung A wurden schwache N–H ... F-Wasserstoff-Bindungen zwischen verschiedenen Kationen beobachtet, während bei der Verbindung B keine Wasserstoff-Bindungen vorhanden sind.

     

Diethyl N,N-dimethylaminomethylenemalonate in the synthesis of fused heterocyclic systems

The reactions of diethyl N,N-dimethylaminomethylenemalonate ( 3 ) with N- and C- nucleophiles were studied. In the reaction of 3 with heterocyclic amines 4 , with the amino group attached at α-position in respect to the ring nitrogen atom, substitution of the dimethylamino group in 3 with the heterocyclic amino took place to give diethyl heteroarylaminomethylenemalonates 5 , which can cyclize into fused azino- 6 or azolopyrimidinones 7 . In the reaction of 3 with the compound with an active methylene group attached at α-position in regard to the ring nitrogen atom, such as pyridinylacetonitrile ( 8 ), ethyl pyridinyl- ( 9 ), and quinolinylacetate ( 10 ), fused quinolizines 11 and 12 , and benzo[c]quinolizine 13 were formed, respectively. Heterocyclic systems with an active or potentially active methylene group incorporated in the ring system, such as pyrazole 14 , pyrimidine 15 , and pyridine derivative 18 , gave with 3 fused pyranones 16, 17 , and 19 , and dihydroxynaphthalenes 22 and 23 naphtho[2,1-b]pyranones 24 and 25 .