Analysis and implementation of cross sync period underwater acoustical positioning techniques for underwater targets

I.IlltroductionWhenanactiveunderwateracousticalpositioningsystemissearchingforanunderwatertarget,itisnecessaryforittocompleteatransmittingandreceivingcycIewithineachworkingperiodinordertofindoutthelocationofthetargetcorrectly.Forexample,whenanunder-wateracoustica1synchronouspositioningsystemistrackinganunderwatertargetwithagivensynchr0nizingperiod,thepropagati0ntimeofthepositioningsignaltravellingfr0mthetaJrgettothearrayofthesystemshouldbelessthanthesynchronizingperiod0therwisetargetdis-tance…     

Spectrophotometric flow injection determination of trace iodide in table salt and laver through the reaction of iodate with 3,5-Br2-PADAP and thiocyanate

A new simple, rapid and sensitive spectrophotometric flow injection method for the determination of trace iodide is described based on an ion associate of iodate (IO₃ ^–) with 2- (3,5-dibromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-diethylamino-phenol (3,5-Br₂-PADAP) and thiocyanate (SCN^–). In a strongly acidic medium, this unstable violet product was formed with an absorption maximum at 605 nm. Flow injection is an ideal method to reproducibly monitor the transient signal. Various parameters were optimized using the Super Modified Controlled Weighted Centroid Simplex Method (SMCWC). Under the optimum experimental conditions, iodide could be determined in the range of 1.00 × 10^–6 and 2.4 × 10^–5 mol l^–1. The correlation coefficient of the calibration curve is 0.9991. With a sampling frequency of 80 h^–1, the detection limit for iodide is 5.0 × 10^–7 mol l^–1. The proposed method has been applied to the determination of trace iodide after oxidizing I^– in table salt or laver to IO₃ ^–. In addition, the mechanisms of the ion association reaction was studied. Received: 15 August 1996 / Revised: 10 October 1996 / Accepted: 16 October 1996     

配合物的生成热与配体的质子化热之间的直线焓关系——Ⅶ. 镍(Ⅱ)-2,2′联吡啶-N,N′-双(对位取代苯基)乙二胺的二元及三元体系

使用MS 80型Calvet微量热计, 在25 ℃, 0.1mol·dm~(-3)(NaClO_4)的50%(V/V)二氧六环溶液中, 测定了镍(Ⅱ)-N,N′-双(对位取代苯基)乙二胺二元及镍(Ⅱ)-2,2′-联吡啶-N,N′-双(对位取代苯基)乙二胺三元体系的生成热和N,N′-双(对位取代苯基)乙二胺的质子化热, 发现在二元和三元配合物的生成热、生成熵与配体的质子化热及质子化熵之间存在较好的线性关系。     

二维分数阶Volterra积分方程的修正block-by-block方法

基于经典block-by-block方法的思想,构造了二维分数阶Volterra积分方程的一个修正block-by-block数值求解格式.该方法的优点在于只需求解u(x1,y),u(x2,y),u(x,y_1)和u(x,y_2),其他未知量均不需要耦合求解.数值算例表明该格式具有较好的逼近性.     

18O同位素标记定量肽段串联体蛋白质结合同位素稀释-多反应监测质谱的蛋白质绝对定量新方法

建立了定量肽段串联体蛋白质(concatamers of Q peptides, QconCATs)结合¹⁸O同位素标记-多反应监测质谱的蛋白质绝对定量新方法。首先对QconCAT重组蛋白质进行了纯度表征,十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)表征结果表明重组蛋白质的纯度在99%以上,相对分子质量约为63.4 kDa。对QconCAT重组蛋白质酶切后的肽段混合物进行质谱分析,并经pFind和pLabel软件处理,验证了目标肽段。还考察了QconCAT重组蛋白质的酶切效率和¹⁸O标记效率,并对QconCAT蛋白质结合¹⁸O标记-同位素稀释-多反应监测质谱方法进行了评价。实验结果表明,采用该方法对腾冲嗜热厌氧菌(Thermoanaerobacter tengcongensis, TTE)中选定蛋白质的肽段进行绝对含量测定时,相对标准偏差小于20%,准确度较高,说明该方法可用于复杂生物样本中蛋白质的绝对定量。更重要的是所建方法不仅解决了细胞培养氨基酸稳定同位素标记(SILAC)技术的重标试剂价格昂贵的问题,也为定量蛋白质组学提供了一种新的方法。     

Comparative curing kinetics of 1,4-bis (4-diaminobenzene-1-oxygen) n-butane and 4,4′-bis-(diaminodiphenyl) methane with tetraglycidyl methylene dianiline systems

Aromatic amine curing agent with flexible unit in backbone, 1,4-bis (4-diaminobenzene-1-oxygen) n-butane (DDBE), was synthesized, and the structure was confirmed by FT-IR and ¹H NMR. The curing kinetics of tetraglycidyl methylene dianiline (TGDDM, or AG80) using DDBE and 4,4′-bis-(diaminodiphenyl) methane (DDM) as curing agents, respectively, were comparatively studied by non-isothermal DSC with a model-fitting Málek approach and a model-free advanced isoconversional method of Vyazovkin. The dynamic mechanical properties and thermal stabilities of the cured materials were investigated by DMTA and TG, respectively. The results showed that the activation energy of AG80/DDBE system was slightly higher than that of AG80/DDM system. ?esták-Berggren model can generally simulate well the reaction rates of these two systems. DMTA measurements showed that the storage modulus of cured AG80/DDBE is similar to that of cured AG80/DDM at the temperature below glass transition temperature (T _g) and lower than that of cured AG80/DDM at the temperature above glass transition temperature, while T _g of cured AG80/DDBE is lower than that of cured AG80/DDM. TG showed that the thermal stabilities of these two cured systems are similar.     

纤维二糖与葡萄糖催化转化制备乙二醇(英文)

选用纤维二糖作为探针分子,探索纤维素催化转化制备乙二醇过程的反应路径.分别考察了纤维二糖和葡萄糖在双组分催化剂H2WO4和Ru/C下的催化反应活性.结果表明,乙二醇不仅来自于纤维二糖水解产物葡萄糖的逆羟醛缩合作用,同时也可以来自于纤维二糖的直接逆羟醛缩合过程.而且,纤维二糖的直接逆羟醛缩合作用对糖苷键的水解也有一定的促进作用.比较发现,钨基催化剂作用下纤维二糖的逆羟醛缩合反应活性比葡萄糖要低,因此乙醇醛可以缓慢产生并在Ru/C催化剂上迅速加氢生成乙二醇.使得以纤维二糖作为原料比以葡萄糖作为原料时获得更高的乙二醇收率.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Biodegradable Alternating Polyesteramides from Mixed Diamidediols and Sebacic Acid

A series of polyesteramide prepolymers[PrePEA（0/4,8）s] having mixed alternating bisesterdiamide units was synthesized via melt polycondensation from N,N＇-bis（2-hydroxyethyl）oxamide（0） and N,N＇-bis（2-hydroxyethyl）-adipamide（4） with sebacic acid（8） at different molar ratios.Chain extension of them was conducted with 2,2＇-（1,4-phenylene）-bis（2-oxazoline） and adipoyl biscaprolactamate as combined chain extenders.The chain extended polyesteramides[ExtPEA（0/4,8）s] were characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance（1H NMR）,gel permeation chromatography（GPC）,differential scanning calorimetry（DSC）,thermogravimetry analysis（TGA）,wide angle X-ray scattering,tensile test and enzymatic degradation.The results show that ExtPEA（0/4,8）s were crystalline polyesteramides.They had Tm up to 136.5 ℃ and initial decomposition temperature above 297.5 ℃.They crystallized in similar crystallites into Nylon-66 and degraded under the catalysis of protease or lipase.They are thermoplastic materials with tensile strength up to 21.5 MPa and elongation at break above 64.0％.     

红茶提取液在盐酸中对碳钢的缓蚀作用

采用动电位极化曲线和交流阻抗（EIS）研究了红茶提取液（BLE）在盐酸介质中对碳钢的缓蚀性能和缓蚀机理。 研究结果表明,采用索氏提取法从红茶茶叶中提取的缓蚀剂,对碳钢在1.0 mol/L盐酸溶液中具有良好的缓蚀性能,随着提取物浓度的增加,缓蚀效率增大。 红茶提取液中的有效缓蚀成分为抑制阴阳极反应的混合型缓蚀剂,在碳钢表面的吸附符合Langmuir等温式,属于单分子层吸附。     

金属有机骨架基催化剂在加氢反应中的应用

加氢是现代化工产业中的一类主干反应,广泛应用于精细化学品、药物、食品、染料、功能聚合物及香料等制造产业中.高效催化剂的引入使得加氢反应能够在相对温和的条件下还原各类不饱和化合物.金属催化剂在加氢反应中活性高,所需的反应温度较低,适用性广,但是容易和S,N,As和P等元素结合而"中毒"失去反应活性.金属氧化物催化剂和金属硫化物催化剂具有一定的抗毒性,但活性相对较差,通常需要采用高温高压的反应条件,对催化剂本身和反应器的要求较为苛刻.传统催化剂在反应中具有一定的局限性,所以亟需开发新一代高效的加氢催化剂,在保证高活性和高选择性催化效果的同时,降低对能源的消耗和对环境的负面影响.金属有机骨架(MOFs)作为一种新型的多孔材料在过去二十年中受到相当大的关注,并在催化、气体存储和分离、传感器、发光材料和药物输送等众多领域的应用中表现出卓越的性能.利用MOF材料良好的相容性,将MOF和其它功能材料结合形成新的复合材料可以在更大程度上扩大MOF材料的应用领域.与传统的催化剂相比,MOF基材料具有优异的物理化学特性和结构可调性,通过合理的设计能够满足不同的催化加氢过程:(1)MOF基催化剂具有多样且特异性的活性位点.除了组成MOF材料的金属离子/簇和功能有机配体之外,MOF材料可通过封装其他活性物质或者被活性物质包裹等方式引入其他类型的催化位点,进一步扩大MOF基催化剂在不同催化加氢中的适应性.此外,不同的活性位点之间的协同作用又能特异性地促进反应的进行,对提高反应的选择性起到重要的作用.(2)活性位点的尺寸大小和空间分布可以被有效控制.这能影响到催化剂在催化反应过程中的活性和选择性,并且通过MOF材料的限域效应,同时能增强活性位点的稳定性和耐久性.(3)高比表面积能提高MOF基催化剂的催化活性.这种结构特性不仅可以增加MOF基催化剂的活性位点,而且能够吸附反应物和还原剂达到扩大其局部浓度的效果.(4)反应分子的扩散可通过调节MOF基催化剂的结构实现控制.通过调整MOF材料的孔窗口和通道的尺寸,能够改变反应物在催化剂内部的扩散途径,影响底物和活性位点的接触,能进一步影响反应的活性和选择性.本文总结了近几年来MOF基材料在不同的催化加氢反应中的应用,其中包括烯烃、炔烃、芳硝基化合物、肉桂醛、糠醛和苯等化合物的加氢反应.首先介绍了MOF基材料中不同类型的活性位点,除了MOF材料自身的金属离子/簇和功能有机配体外,MOF基复合材料中的金属纳米颗粒?金属硫化物?金属氧化物?均相催化剂等活性位点可以通过封装或包裹的方式引入.在不同加氢反应中,着重介绍了MOF基催化剂中不同类型活性位点的加氢过程中的催化方式、催化剂本身的结构优化及催化剂与反应底物之间的相互作用,以及这些因素之间的协同作用对反应活性和选择性的影响.最后,讨论了MOF基材料在加氢反应中应用存在的问题以及未来发展展望.