全文获取类型
收费全文 | 21590篇 |
免费 | 4173篇 |
国内免费 | 3212篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 15760篇 |
晶体学 | 299篇 |
力学 | 1339篇 |
综合类 | 303篇 |
数学 | 2590篇 |
物理学 | 8684篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 55篇 |
2023年 | 388篇 |
2022年 | 752篇 |
2021年 | 775篇 |
2020年 | 915篇 |
2019年 | 895篇 |
2018年 | 769篇 |
2017年 | 733篇 |
2016年 | 1015篇 |
2015年 | 1097篇 |
2014年 | 1329篇 |
2013年 | 1637篇 |
2012年 | 1975篇 |
2011年 | 2066篇 |
2010年 | 1486篇 |
2009年 | 1502篇 |
2008年 | 1599篇 |
2007年 | 1389篇 |
2006年 | 1309篇 |
2005年 | 1090篇 |
2004年 | 910篇 |
2003年 | 696篇 |
2002年 | 707篇 |
2001年 | 601篇 |
2000年 | 473篇 |
1999年 | 421篇 |
1998年 | 330篇 |
1997年 | 337篇 |
1996年 | 288篇 |
1995年 | 244篇 |
1994年 | 224篇 |
1993年 | 162篇 |
1992年 | 113篇 |
1991年 | 129篇 |
1990年 | 110篇 |
1989年 | 76篇 |
1988年 | 75篇 |
1987年 | 64篇 |
1986年 | 46篇 |
1985年 | 33篇 |
1984年 | 29篇 |
1983年 | 28篇 |
1982年 | 27篇 |
1981年 | 18篇 |
1980年 | 16篇 |
1979年 | 6篇 |
1976年 | 6篇 |
1975年 | 8篇 |
1959年 | 5篇 |
1957年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
2.
The effects of PEA on the γ-phase PVDF crystal structure and the crystallization of PEA within the pre-existing γ-phase PVDF spherulites have been investigated by optical microscopy(OM), infrared spectroscopy(IR) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The results demonstrate that the γ-phase PVDF spherulites consist of the lamellae exhibiting a highly curved scroll-like morphology and develop preferentially in PEA-rich blend. With increasing PEA concentration, the scroll diameter increases and the scrolls are better separated from each other. PEA crystallizes first in the interspherulitic region and transcrystalline layer develops. Subsequently, the transcrystalline layer of PEA continues to grow within the γ-phase PVDF spherulites, e.g., in the region between the scrolls, until impinging on other PEA transcrystalline layers or spherulites. The crystallization kinetics results indicate that the growth rate of PEA crystals in the intraspherulitic region of γ-phase PVDF shows a positive correlation with content of PEA, but a negative one with the crystallization temperature of γ-phase PVDF. 相似文献
3.
In the view of substrate availability, atomic efficiency and cost, directly using arenols as coupling partners in cross‐coupling, would be one of the most attractive goals. Up to date, many efforts have been made to activate the C—O bond of phenols with different strategies, for example, through in‐situ formed intermediates, through a catalytic reductive dearomatization‐condensation‐rearomatization sequence or catalytic deoxygenation. In this review, we summarized recent advances in cross‐couplings of arenols as the electrophiles via C—O activation. 相似文献
4.
Polypyrrole Shell@3D‐Ni Metal Core Structured Electrodes for High‐Performance Supercapacitors 下载免费PDF全文
Gao‐Feng Chen Yu‐Zhi Su Pan‐Yong Kuang Zhao‐Qing Liu Dao‐Yi Chen Xu Wu Nan Li Prof. Shi‐Zhang Qiao 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2015,21(12):4614-4621
Three‐dimensional (3D) nanometal films serving as current collectors have attracted much interest recently owing to their promising application in high‐performance supercapacitors. In the process of the electrochemical reaction, the 3D structure can provide a short diffusion path for fast ion transport, and the highly conductive nanometal may serve as a backbone for facile electron transfer. In this work, a novel polypyrrole (PPy) shell@3D‐Ni‐core composite is developed to enhance the electrochemical performance of conventional PPy. With the introduction of a Ni metal core, the as‐prepared material exhibits a high specific capacitance (726 F g?1 at a charge/discharge rate of 1 A g?1), good rate capability (a decay of 33 % in Csp with charge/discharge rates increasing from 1 to 20 A g?1), and high cycle stability (only a small decrease of 4.2 % in Csp after 1000 cycles at a scan rate of 100 mV s?1). Furthermore, an aqueous symmetric supercapacitor device is fabricated by using the as‐prepared composite as electrodes; the device demonstrates a high energy density (≈21.2 Wh kg?1) and superior long‐term cycle ability (only 4.4 % and 18.6 % loss in Csp after 2000 and 5000 cycles, respectively). 相似文献
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Kai Xu Zhenchang Tang Yan Zhang Wanshu Li Haiou Li Lihui Wang Liming Liu Honghang Wang Feng Chi Xiaowen Zhang 《Current Applied Physics》2019,19(10):1076-1081
Germanium dioxide (GeO2) aqueous solutions are facilely prepared and the corresponding anode buffer layers (ABLs) with solution process are demonstrated. Atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy measurements show that solution-processed GeO2 behaves superior film morphology and enhanced work function. Using GeO2 as ABL of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), the visible device with tris(8-hydroxy-quinolinato)aluminium as emitter gives maximum luminous efficiency of 6.5 cd/A and power efficiency of 3.5 lm/W, the ultraviolet device with 3-(4-biphenyl)-4-phenyl-5-tert-butylphenyl-1,2,4-triazole as emitter exhibits short-wavelength emission with peak of 376 nm, full-width at half-maximum of 42 nm, maximum radiance of 3.36 mW/cm2 and external quantum efficiency of 1.5%. The performances are almost comparable to the counterparts with poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly (styrenesulfonate) as ABL. The current, impedance, phase and capacitance as a function of voltage characteristics elucidate that the GeO2 ABL formed from appropriate concentration of GeO2 aqueous solution favors hole injection enhancement and accordingly promoting device performance. 相似文献
10.
Yan WANG Rong Quan FENG 《数学学报(英文版)》2005,21(4):773-778
A Cayley map is a Cayley graph embedded in an orientable surface such that. the local rotations at every vertex are identical. In this paper, balanced regular Cayley maps for cyclic groups, dihedral groups, and generalized quaternion groups are classified. 相似文献