Hydrolysis of cephanone in the micelles with different charges

The hydrolysis of cephanone in water and micelles with different charges was studied by UV-vis absorption spectroscopy. The change of pH with the hydrolysis of cephanone was determined. The mechanism of the hydrolysis and the effect of the acidity of the media on the hydrolysis were studied. The results show that the hydrolysis rate of cephanone increases with the acidity. Compared with water, SDS micelles accelerate this hydrolysis, whereas CTAB and Triton X-100 micelles suppress it. The effects of the micelles with different charges on the hydrolysis are explained by the proton concentration of the micro-environment where cephanone exists and by the charge density of the polar group of the cephanone molecules.     

Mitochondria-targeted ratiometric fluorescent probes for micropolarity and microviscosity and their applications

Two fluorescent "off-on" probes YYH1 and YYH2 were used for bioimaging mitochondrial polarity and viscosity.     

Chemical Vapor Deposition of Silicon Dioxide by Direct-Current Corona Discharges in Dry Air Containing Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane Vapor: Measurement of the Deposition Rate

Experiments in a positive-polarity, wire/plate electrode establish the effects of the concentration of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (150–1100 ppm) and the operating current (0.5–2.55 μA/cm length of wire) on the rate of deposition of silicon dioxide on the high voltage wire. The wire is 100 μm radius tungsten and the wire-to-plate spacing is 1.5 cm. Analyses of the deposit with X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy show that it is amorphous silicon dioxide. The deposition rate increases linearly with increasing silicone concentration and corona current. For the concentrations of silicone likely to present in indoor air, the gas-phase processes limit the rate of deposition.     

Model of the Negative DC Corona Plasma: Comparison to the Positive DC Corona Plasma

A numerical model of the negative DC corona plasma along a thin wire in dry air is presented. The electron number density and electric field are determined from solution of the one-dimensional coupled continuity equations of charge carriers and Maxwell's equation. The electron kinetic energy distribution is determined from the spatially homogeneous Boltzmann equation. A parametric study is conducted to examine the effects of linear current density (0.1–100 A per cm of wire length), wire radius (10–1000 m), and air temperature (293–800 K) on the distribution of electrons and the Townsend second ionization coefficient. The results are compared to those previously determined for the positive corona discharge. In the negative corona, energetic electrons are present beyond the ionization boundary and the number of electrons is an order of magnitude greater than in the positive corona. The number of electrons increases with increasing gas temperature. The electron energy distribution does not depend on discharge polarity.     

Colorimetric and ratiometric fluorescent detection of sulfite in water via cationic surfactant-promoted addition of sulfite to α,β-unsaturated ketone

Three fluorescent probes were constructed by incorporating an α,β-unsaturated ketone to a coumarin fluorophore. The selective addition of sulfite to the alkene of TSP assisted by cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) micelle can be visualized by dramatic color and ratiometric fluorescence changes. In CTAB–PBS system, the fluorescence intensity ratio at 465 nm and 592 nm (I₄₆₅/I₅₉₂) and the absorbance ratio at 390 nm and 470 nm (A₃₉₀/A₄₇₀) were linearly proportional to sulfite concentration in the range of 0.5–150 μM, and the detection limit was 0.2 μM. Good selectivity and competition of TSP1 towards sulfite over several anions and biological thiols were acquired. Probe TSP1 was used to detect sulfite in three realistic samples (mineral water, sugar and white wine) with good recovery.     

Graphene-based sensors for detection of heavy metals in water: a review

Graphene (G) is attracting significant attention because of its unique physical and electronic properties. The production of graphene through the reduction of graphene oxide (GO) is a low-cost method. The reduction of GO can further lead to electrically conductive reduced GO. These graphene-based nanomaterials are attractive for high-performance water sensors due to their unique properties, such as high specific surface areas, high electron mobilities, and exceptionally low electronic noise. Because of potential risks to the environment and human health arising from heavy-metal pollution in water, G-/GO-based water sensors are being developed for rapid and sensitive detection of heavy-metal ions. In this review, a general introduction to graphene and GO properties, as well as their syntheses, is provided. Recent advances in optical, electrochemical, and electrical detection of heavy-metal ions using graphene or GO are then highlighted. Finally, challenges facing G/GO-based water sensor development and outlook for future research are discussed.     

聚酰亚胺研究新进展

聚酰亚胺（PI）是一类重要的高性能聚合物,广泛应用在航空航天、微电子、汽车、石油等高科技领域。由于其结构上的可设计性,世界上越来越多的研究者投入到这类高技术材料的研究开发中。本文分别从可溶性PI的分子设计与合成、功能性PI的合成与用途、PI绿色合成方法、PI纳米复合材料的制备4个方面综述了近年来PI的研究热点和新进展,为了解聚酰亚胺的研究提供了有价值的信息。     

Tracing the evolution of the mitochondrial protein import machinery

Mitochondria are eukaryotic organelles originated from a single bacterial endosymbiosis about 2 billion years ago. One of the earliest events in the evolution of mitochondria was the acquisition of a mechanism that facilitated the import of proteins from cytosol. The mitochondrial protein import machinery consists of dozens of subunits, and they are of modular design. However, to date, it is not clear when certain component was added to the machinery. Using extensive homology searches, the evolutionary history of the mitochondrial protein import machinery was reconstructed. The results indicated that 6 of the 35 subunits have homologs in prokaryote, suggesting that they were prokaryotic origin; the major subunit gains were occurred in the earliest stage of eukaryotic evolution; subsequent to the gain of these conserved set of subunits, the mitochondrial protein import machinery components diversified along the eukaryotic lineages and a number of lineage-specific subunits can be observed. Furthermore, protein import systems of mitochondria-like organelles (hydrogenosomes and mitosomes) have dramatically reduced their subunit contents, however, they share most of the prokaryotic origin components with mitochondrion.     

分析化学有效数字教学中常见问题及分析

Analytical chemistry often involves a large amount of experimental data, and the reliability and accuracy of the experimental results are related to whether the original data can be properly recorded and calculated. In this paper, starting from the importance of significant figures, analyzing the frequently encountered problems related to the significant figures in teaching process, and giving some solutions, we try to help students to learn and master the concept of significant figures, rounding off numerical values, rule of operation and data processing.