Special relativistic gravitational theory

Based on special relativity, we introduce a way to develop a new field theory from (1) the relativistic property of the particle coupling coefficient with the field, and (2) the field due to a static point source. As an example, we discuss a theory of electromagnetic and gravitational fields. The results of this special relativistic gravitational theory for the redshift and the deflection of light are the same as those deduced from general relativity. The results of experiments on the planetary perihelion procession shift and on an additional short-range gravity are more favorable to the special relativistic gravitational theory than to general relativity. We put forward a new idea to test experimentally whether the equivalence principle of general relativity is correct.Plovdiv University Paissii Hilendarskii.Moscow Institute of Railway Transport Engineers.     

聚乙二醇在高真空条件下的单链弹性

在过去二十年间，高分子的单链弹性已经得到了广泛的研究.然而由于环境和高分子之间往往有着复杂的相互作用，实验中很难得到高分子在严格无扰状态下的单链弹性（即本征弹性）.为此，利用单分子力谱技术研究了高真空条件下聚乙二醇（PEG）的单链弹性.结果表明，由于高真空条件下溶剂分子的干扰被消除，PEG在这一准无扰状态下呈现其本征弹性.在非极性有机溶剂中，由于溶剂分子和PEG之间只有微弱的范德华力作用，PEG表现出和高真空中基本一致的弹性.然而，在不同环境中，力曲线的低力区（F<100 pN）存在着细微的差异.这一现象可归因于不同条件下基底与PEG链之间的吸附力不同.采用的高真空力谱可用于研究其他高分子单链在准无扰状态下的本征弹性.     

First experiment to test whether space-time is flat. II. Effects of orbit

The gyroscope in an orbiting satellite will be acted on by additional gravitational fields due to the rotation of the earth and due to the orbital velocity of the satellite. According to special relativistic gravitational theory, we deduce _L ^(S) —the gyroscope's precession rate due to the orbital velocity—and _S ^(S) —the gyroscope's precession rate due to the earth's rotation in the polar orbit case. The results are _L ^(S) = (2/3) _L ^(G) , _S ^(S) = (3/2) cos (1 - sin² cos²)^1/2 _S ^(G) , where and are the gyroscope's polar angles, and _L ^(G) and _S ^(G) are the geodetic and frame-dragging precession rates predicted by general relativity, respectively.     

Design and synthesis of pyromellitic diimide‐based donor–acceptor conjugated polymers for photovoltaic application

Three of conjugated polymers based on pyromellitic diimide (PMDI) as the acceptor unit and thienothiophene (TT) as the donor unit were successfully synthesized by Stille coupling. The effect of the side chain length and thiophene π‐bridge on the polymers' optical and electrochemical properties was investigated. Electrochemical characterization indicated that these polymers have deep highest occupied molecular orbital energy levels between ?5.7 and ?5.8 eV. Polymer solar cells were fabricated by using these PMDI‐based polymers as the donor and [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester as the acceptor. The polymer P1 whose PMDI unit was functionalized with 2‐ethylhexyl side chain shows the higher short‐circuit current (J_sc) and fill factor (FF) compared with that of P2 with a 2‐octyldodecyl side chain on the PMDI unit. The results also illustrate that the insertion of a thiophene π‐bridge between PMDI and TT (the polymer P3) leads to the broader absorption and better photovoltaic performance. The best performance was obtained from the cell based on the polymer P3 with a power conversion efficiency of 0.43% under the illumination of AM 1.5 G, 100 mW/cm². Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Octacyanidorhenate(V) Ion as an Efficient Linker for Hysteretic Two-Step Iron(II) Spin Crossover Switchable by Temperature,Light, and Pressure

A two-step hysteretic Fe^II spin crossover (SCO) effect was achieved in programmed layered Cs{[Fe(3-CNpy)₂][Re(CN)₈]}⋅H₂O ( 1 ) (3-CNpy=3-cyanopyridine) assembly consisting of cyanido-bridged Fe^II-Re^V square grid sheets bonded by Cs⁺ ions. The presence of two non-equivalent Fe^II sites and the conjunction of 2D bimetallic coordination network with non-covalent interlayer interactions involving Cs⁺, [Re^V(CN)₈]³⁻ ions, and 3-CNpy ligands, leads to the occurrence of two steps of thermal SCO with strong cooperativity giving a double thermal hysteresis loop. The resulting spin-transition phenomenon could be tuned by an external pressure giving the room-temperature range of SCO, as well as by visible-light irradiation, inducing an efficient recovery of the high-spin Fe^II state at low temperatures. We prove that octacyanidorhenate(V) ion is an outstanding metalloligand for induction of a cooperative multistep, multiswitchable Fe^II SCO effect.     

Coupled Electrical Conduction in Coordination Polymers: From Electrons/Ions to Mixed Charge Carriers

The coupled transport of ions and electrons is of great potential for next‐generation sensors, energy storage and conversion devices, optoelectronics, etc. Coordination polymers (CPs) intrinsically have both transport pathways for electrons and ions, however, the practical conductivities are usually low. In recent years, significant advances have been made in electronic or ionic conductive coordination polymers, which also results in progress in mixed ionic‐electronic conductive coordination polymers. Here we start from electronic and ionic conductive CPs to mixed ionic‐electronic conductive CPs. Recent advances in the design of mixed ionic‐electronic conductive CPs are summarized. In addition, devices based on mixed conduction are selected.     

利用改进的Gamow-like模型研究原子核的α衰变和质子放射性

通过引入离心势和静电屏蔽效应对Gamow-like模型进行了改进,并将其用于α衰变和质子放射性研究,发现改进的Gamow-like模型能更好地符合实验数据。另外,还利用改进的Gamow-like模型预言了16个丰质子核的质子放射性的半衰期以及7个$Z=120$超重核素($^{296-308}120$)α衰变链上原子核的α衰变的半衰期,为将来在大科学装置上合成和鉴别这些新核素提供重要的理论参考。     

改性海藻酸钠聚集行为对电纺纳米纤维形貌的影响

以过硫酸钾(KPS)为引发剂, 采用双丙酮丙烯酰胺(DAA)对海藻酸钠(SA)进行改性, 制备了海藻酸钠-聚双丙酮丙烯酰胺两亲性共聚物(SA-PDAA). 将SA-PDAA与聚乙烯醇(PVA)复配, 并进行静电纺丝, 制得SA-PDAA/PVA电纺纳米纤维. 通过红外光谱、 差示扫描量热和荧光光谱表征了SA-PDAA的结构和性能, 通过黏度仪、 表面张力仪和电导率仪测试了SA-PDAA纺丝液的物理性能, 用扫描电子显微镜表征了SA-PDAA/PVA电纺纳米纤维的形貌, 考察了SA-PDAA/PVA电纺纳米纤维的释药性能. 结果表明, DAA接枝到SA分子链上, SA-PDAA的临界聚集浓度为0.072 g/L, SA-PDAA具有良好的两亲性, SA-PDAA/PVA电纺纳米纤维具有均一的形貌. 改性后的SA可以有效地减缓药物释放速度, 提高SA-PDAA/PVA电纺纳米纤维的缓释性能.     

高超声速飞行器气动热关联换算方法研究

气动热风洞实验是地面研究和预测飞行器气动热环境的重要手段之一, 但由于风洞实验模拟能力的限制, 风洞实验的流场参数和模型的几何尺度都会与实际飞行情况存在一定的差别, 导致地面风洞实验中得到的模型表面气动加热率数据无法直接用于飞行条件下的热环境预测和热防护设计. 以往通过针对具体飞行器的试验结果进行数据拟合后外插的气动热关联换算方法指向性较强, 没有考虑到气动热的具体影响参数, 存在一定局限性, 难以外推应用于其他外形的飞行器. 为解决通过气动热风洞实验数据外推预测飞行条件下气动热的技术难题, 基于无量纲NS方程和边界层理论分析研究了影响气动热的主要参数, 并通过推导化简边界层近似解热流公式, 针对层流流态建立了气动热关联换算方法, 可以考虑当地边界层外缘参数的影响, 具有一定通用性. 在此基础上, 利用建立的方法将Reentry-F飞行器缩比模型的风洞实验数据换算到该飞行器飞行条件下的典型工况, 并与飞行测量结果进行了比较, 外推预测结果与飞行测量结果符合较好, 表明建立的关联方法可以用于气动热风洞实验数据的外推换算.