全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2009篇 |
免费 | 86篇 |
国内免费 | 12篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 1499篇 |
晶体学 | 11篇 |
力学 | 14篇 |
数学 | 162篇 |
物理学 | 421篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 28篇 |
2022年 | 30篇 |
2021年 | 55篇 |
2020年 | 65篇 |
2019年 | 62篇 |
2018年 | 47篇 |
2017年 | 28篇 |
2016年 | 58篇 |
2015年 | 41篇 |
2014年 | 64篇 |
2013年 | 89篇 |
2012年 | 159篇 |
2011年 | 191篇 |
2010年 | 71篇 |
2009年 | 60篇 |
2008年 | 127篇 |
2007年 | 123篇 |
2006年 | 124篇 |
2005年 | 109篇 |
2004年 | 96篇 |
2003年 | 64篇 |
2002年 | 59篇 |
2001年 | 17篇 |
2000年 | 26篇 |
1999年 | 10篇 |
1998年 | 14篇 |
1997年 | 13篇 |
1996年 | 6篇 |
1995年 | 9篇 |
1994年 | 11篇 |
1993年 | 9篇 |
1992年 | 9篇 |
1991年 | 14篇 |
1990年 | 10篇 |
1987年 | 5篇 |
1986年 | 8篇 |
1985年 | 7篇 |
1984年 | 16篇 |
1983年 | 6篇 |
1982年 | 11篇 |
1981年 | 20篇 |
1980年 | 16篇 |
1979年 | 9篇 |
1978年 | 14篇 |
1977年 | 12篇 |
1976年 | 12篇 |
1975年 | 15篇 |
1974年 | 8篇 |
1973年 | 12篇 |
1972年 | 5篇 |
排序方式: 共有2107条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Joshua Maglione 《Journal of Pure and Applied Algebra》2021,225(3):106528
Like the lower central series of a nilpotent group, filters generalize the connection between nilpotent groups and graded Lie rings. However, unlike the case with the lower central series, the associated graded Lie ring may share few features with the original group: e.g. the associated Lie ring can be trivial or arbitrarily large. We determine properties of filters such that every isomorphism between groups is induced by an isomorphism between graded Lie rings. 相似文献
2.
Porous road surfaces offer an effective means of reducing the generation and propagation of noise from road traffic. However, the porosity of these surfaces can deteriorate over time, leading to a reduction in their noise reducing properties. Efficient methods are therefore required for monitoring this performance. Existing techniques for performing in-situ measurements of acoustic absorption are unsuitable for use within the traffic stream. Static measurements using time domain Maximum Length Sequence (MLS) based techniques have been demonstrated to offer advantages over traditional techniques, presenting the opportunity for measurements under dynamic conditions. This paper describes the design of a system for carrying out dynamic MLS-based measurements. Results are presented which demonstrate that stable dynamic measurements can be carried out at speeds of up to 30 km/h. 相似文献
3.
N. Moslemzadeh G. Beamson P. Tsakiropoulos J.F. Watts S.R. Haines P. Weightman 《Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena》2006
High-energy X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is of particular importance for minimizing the effects of surface contamination by increasing photoelectron escape depths. In this study high-resolution high-energy Cu Kα1 and soft Al Kα1 XPS and Auger electron spectroscopy were used to compare the electronic structure of Ti in TiO2 powder and Ti metal. The Ti 1s in TiO2 XPS line is narrower and more symmetric than in Ti metal. A comparison of the relative intensities of the L23M23M45 and L23M23M23 Auger transitions in Ti metal and TiO2 is consistent with the expected transfer of Ti 3d electrons away from the Ti site in the oxide. The satellites accompanying the Ti 1s XPS line excited by Cu Kα1 X-rays occur at the same energies as the satellites accompanying the Ti 2s and 2p XPS lines excited by Al Kα1 X-rays indicating that they do not depend on the core-level, the experimental resolution or inelastic scattering processes. 相似文献
4.
Joshua N. Goldberg 《General Relativity and Gravitation》1991,23(12):1403-1413
As an introduction to the use of self-dual variables on a null cone, the Hamiltonian for the Maxwell field is set up on a null cone in Minkowski space. In this treatment, the vector potential (the connection) and the self-dual components of the Maxwell field are treated as independent configuration space variables. Because the initial surface is a null cone, additional primary and secondary constraints arise. These constraints can be grouped into first class and second class. The elimination of the second class constraints together with the reality conditions on the vector potential, reduce the independent phase space variables to two. In its final form the Hamiltonian can be expressed in terms of the product of the self-dual Maxwell field and its complex conjugate. 相似文献
5.
The algebra dual to Woronowicz's deformation of the two-dimensional Euclidean group is constructed. The same algebra is obtained from SU
q
(2) via contraction on both the group and algebra levels. 相似文献
6.
7.
The sorption, diffusion, and pervaporation (PV) properties of benzene/cyclohexane (Bz/Cx) mixtures on cation-exchange membranes containing copper ions (Cu(II)) were investigated. The equilibrium sorption isotherms of pure vapors in the membranes and the partial solubility of binary solutions in the membranes were described using the UNIQUAC model. The τiM and τMi values were 0.978 and 0.591 for Bz, and 0.922 and 0.475 for Cx. The transient regimes of vapor sorption were employed to calculate the concentration-dependent diffusion coefficients. Long’s model sufficiently explained the diffusivity of Bz and Cx in the membranes. The pre-exponential factors were 3×10−13 m2/s and the plasticization factors were 3.0 and 3.6 for Bz and Cx, respectively. Excellent agreement was found with the experimental results applying the solubility and diffusivity data to simulate the pervaporation performance (flux and selectivity) using the modified Maxwell–Stefan equation. The membrane containing Cu(II) demonstrates better facilitating capability for Bz transport than that with Na(I), mainly due to its preferential sorption property toward Bz. Replacing Na(I) with Cu(II) into a Neosepta membrane resulted in better separation efficiency and higher Bz flux throughout the entire Bz concentration range. 相似文献
8.
A de Bruijn covering code is a q‐ary string S so that every q‐ary string is at most R symbol changes from some n‐word appearing consecutively in S. We introduce these codes and prove that they can have size close to the smallest possible covering code. The proof employs tools from field theory, probability, and linear algebra. Included is a table of the best known bounds on the lengths of small binary de Bruijn covering codes, up to R = 11 and n = 13, followed by several open questions in this area. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2004 相似文献
9.
Sebastiaan van Dijken Xavier Fain Steven M. Watts Kentaro Nakajima J. M. D. Coey 《Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials》2004,280(2-3):322-326
A detailed study of the in-plane magnetotransport properties of spin valves with one and two Fe3O4 electrodes is presented. Fe3O4/Au/Fe3O4 spin valves exhibit a clear anisotropic magnetoresistance in small magnetic fields but no giant magnetoresistance (GMR). The absence of GMR in these structures is due to simultaneous magnetization reversal in the two Fe3O4 layers. By contrast, a negative GMR effect is measured on Fe3O4/Au/Fe spin valves. The negative GMR is attributed to an electron spin scattering asymmetry at the Fe3O4/Au interface or an induced spin scattering asymmetry in the Au interfacial layers. 相似文献
10.
We consider the asymptotic dynamics of the Einstein-Maxwell field equations for the class of non-tilted Bianchi cosmologies with a barotropic perfect fluid and a pure homogeneous source-free magnetic field, with emphasis on models of Bianchi type VII0, which have not been previously studied. Using the orthonormal frame formalism and Hubble-normalized variables, we show that, as is the case for the previously studied class A magnetic Bianchi models, the magnetic Bianchi VII0 cosmologies also exhibit an oscillatory approach to the initial singularity. However, in contrast to the other magnetic Bianchi models, we rigorously establish that typical magnetic Bianchi VII0 cosmologies exhibit the phenomena of asymptotic self-similarity breaking and Weyl curvature dominance in the late-time regime. 相似文献