Determination of four sulfonylurea herbicides in tea by matrix solid‐phase dispersion cleanup followed by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction

Matrix solid‐phase dispersion combined with dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction has been developed as a new sample pretreatment method for the determination of four sulfonylurea herbicides (chlorsulfuron, bensulfuron‐methyl, chlorimuron‐ethyl, and pyrazosulfuron) in tea by high‐performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection. The extraction and cleanup by matrix solid‐phase dispersion was carried out by using CN‐silica as dispersant and carbon nanotubes as cleanup sorbent eluted with acidified dichloromethane. The eluent of matrix solid‐phase dispersion was evaporated and redissolved in 0.5 mL methanol, and used as the dispersive solvent of the following dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction procedure for further purification and enrichment of the target analytes before high‐performance liquid chromatography analysis. Under the optimum conditions, the method yielded a linear calibration curve in the concentration range from 5.0 to 10 000 ng/g for target analytes with a correlation coefficients (r²) ranging from 0.9959 to 0.9998. The limits of detection for the analytes were in the range of 1.31–2.81 ng/g. Recoveries of the four sulfonylurea herbicides at two fortification levels were between 72.8 and 110.6% with relative standard deviations lower than 6.95%. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of four sulfonylurea herbicides in several tea samples.     

硫化钴装饰BiVO4光阳极提升其光电化学水分解性能

太阳能驱动的光电化学(PEC)水分解可以有效地将太阳能转化为化学能,作为解决环境排放和能源危机最具前景的途径之一,已经引起了科学界的广泛关注.PEC水分解系统由两个半反应组成:在光阳极上的析氧反应(OER)和光阴极上的析氢反应(HER).PEC系统的太阳能转化效率主要由光阳极/电解质界面的OER过程所决定,这是一个非常复杂且涉及质子偶联的多步四电子转移过程.钒酸铋(BiVO₄)是应用于PEC水分解的典型且具有实际应用前景的光阳极材料之一.然而,由于不良的表面电荷转移、电荷在光阳极/电解质结面处的表面复合以及缓慢的OER动力学等因素,导致BiVO₄的PEC性能受到严重限制.本文开发了一种新颖有效的解决方案,以低成本、高电导率和具有快速电荷转移能力的硫化钴装饰来提升BiVO₄光阳极的PEC活性,X射线多晶衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)等表征,研究结果表明CoS成功装饰于BiVO₄表面.采用紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-VisDRS)研究了BiVO₄和复合光阳极CoS/BiVO₄的光学性质,结果表明,与纯的BiVO₄相比,CoS/BiVO₄光阳极在可见光范围内光吸收能力有所增强.将制备的BiVO₄和CoS/BiVO₄光阳极应用于PEC分解水实验中,结果表明,相对于1.23 V可逆氢电极,在光照下,CoS/BiVO₄光阳极的光电流密度显著提升,可高达3.2 m Acm^-2,是纯BiVO₄的2.5倍以上.与纯BiVO₄相比,CoS/BiVO₄光阳极的起始氧化电位显示出负向偏移0.2 V,表明析氧过电势得到有效减小.入射光子转换效率(IPCE)测试结果表明,CoS/BiVO₄光阳极的入射光子转换效率在500 nm之前的可见光范围内得到明显提升,其中,CoS/BiVO₄的IPCE值在380 nm处达到最大.此外,由于CoS的装饰作用,CoS/BiVO₄光阳极的电荷注入效率和电荷分离效率均得到较大的提升,分别达到75.8%(相较于纯BiVO₄光阳极的36.7%)和79.8%(相较于纯BiVO₄光阳极的66.8%).电化学阻抗谱(EIS)测试结果表明,通过CoS的装饰,CoS/BiVO₄光阳极的界面电荷转移电阻得到有效降低,证明其界面电荷转移动力学得到有效提升.光致发光光谱测试结果表明,CoS的装饰显著提高了BiVO₄的光生电子-空穴对的分离效率,进一步证明BiVO₄表面的CoS装饰在其PEC分解水中起着非常积极的作用.本文为通过表面修饰设计应用于PEC水分解的有效的光阳极提供了新思路.     

苯乙炔配位聚合及光热性能研究——推荐一个绿色高分子化学综合实验

介绍一个绿色高分子化学综合实验.在水相中,苯乙炔通过有机铑配合物催化聚合得到聚苯乙炔,利用红外光谱仪、核磁共振仪、紫外-可见分光光度计、荧光光谱仪和热重分析仪对其结构和光热性能进行研究.本实验难度适中,可以通过溶剂为可变因素展开分析讨论,引导学生主动思考.实验内容涵盖高分子化学、应用波谱学和聚合物仪器分析与表征等知识点.本实验的实施不仅可提升学生的综合运用专业知识能力,还可培养学生系统的科研思维和环保意识.     

基于环己酮氧化脱氢构建碳-碳与碳-杂键

环己酮是一种廉价易得的大宗有机化工产品,被广泛用作有机合成反应的原料和中间体。脱氢芳构化是合成功能化芳烃的有效途径,使用环己酮作为反应底物,经过亲核加成、脱水和催化脱氢可以将非芳香的有机分子转化为芳香化合物。与传统的芳基化反应相比,该策略避免了苛刻的反应条件和含卤化合物的生产,克服了化学和区域选择性难以控制的难题,为功能化芳烃的合成提供了一条温和、环保的途径。本文就近年来以环己酮为原料,进行氧化脱氢、直接构建碳-碳和碳-杂键,及通过碳-杂键的形成合成杂环化合物的研究现状进行介绍。     

On <Emphasis Type="Italic">k</Emphasis>-Spaces and <Emphasis Type="Italic">k</Emphasis><Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">R</Emphasis></Subscript>-Spaces

In this note we study the relation between k _R -spaces and k-spaces and prove that a k _R -space with a σ-hereditarily closure-preserving k-network consisting of compact subsets is a k-space, and that a k _R -space with a point-countable k-network consisting of compact subsets need not be a k-space. This work was supported by the NSF of China (10271056).     

Gaussian mixture model-based target feature extraction and visualization

Journal of Visualization - Effective extraction and visualization of complex target features from volume data are an important task, which allows the user to analyze and get insights of the complex...     

k-systems, k-networks and k-covers

The concepts of k-systems, k-networks and k-covers were defined by A. Arhangel’skii in 1964, P. O’Meara in 1971 and R. McCoy, I. Ntantu in 1985, respectively. In this paper the relationships among k-systems, k-networks and k-covers are further discussed and are established by mk-systems. As applications, some new characterizations of quotients or closed images of locally compact metric spaces are given by means of mk-systems.