Pt（IV）修饰的非晶态TiO2对2，4-二氯苯氧基乙酸的可见光降解

用溶胶-凝胶法制备了在可见光照射下具有光催化活性的掺杂P（t Ⅳ）离子的非晶态微孔TiO2，表面积为160～200 m2/g；含3.0%Pt（Ⅳ）的AMM-Ti具有最大的光催化活性. X射线精细结构分析（EXAFS）表明，单个的PtCl4分子均匀地分布在非晶态二氧化钛表面；用这种光催化剂降解2，4-二氯苯氧基乙酸时，2，4-二氯苯酚是主要的中间物，通过Langmuir-Hinshelwood 方程的线性形式估算了反应速率常数k 和吸附平衡常数K，研究了光催化起始反应速率和反应物起始浓度之间的关系，同时，提     

固相微萃取/二氧化锡气体传感器联用技术对果蔬中有机磷农药残留的快速检测

研究了固相微萃取(SPME)和二氧化锡气体传感器的联用技术对果蔬中有机磷农药残留乐果、氧乐果、甲胺磷、乙酰甲胺磷、马拉硫磷、敌百虫等的快速检测。结果表明，在85℃下，解吸8min，二氧化锡气体传感器在2min内完成对有机磷农药残留的快速检测。零解吸时间测量的甲胺磷的动态响应曲线表明。SPME／二氧化锡气体传感器联用技术对分析SPME的解吸平衡非常有利。     

Unravelling the Relationship between Raman Enhancement and Photocatalytic Activity on Single Anisotropic Au Microplates

Anisotropic noble‐metal structures are attracting increasing attention because of interesting size‐ and shape‐dependent properties and have emerging applications in the fields of optics and catalysis. However, it remains a significant challenge to overcome chemical contributions and acquire molecular insight into the relationship between Raman enhancement and photocatalytic activity. This study gives visualized experimental evidence of the anisotropic spatial distribution of Raman signals and photocatalytic activity at the level of single nanometer‐thin Au microtriangles and microhexagons. Theoretical simulations indicate an anisotropic spatial distribution and sharpness‐dependent strength of the electric‐field enhancement. Analysis by using statistical surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) supports this view, that is, Raman enhancement is on the order of corner>edge>face for a single microplate, but SERS measurements at different depths of focus also imply a concentration‐dependent feature of SERS signals, especially at the corners and edges. Similarly, the SERS signals of product molecules in plasmonic photocatalysis also exhibit asymmetrical strengths at different corners of the same microplate. However, by examining the variations in the relative intensities of the SERS peaks, the difference in the photocatalytic activities at the corners, edges, and faces has been successfully calculated and is highly consistent with electric‐field simulations, thus indicating that an increased number of molecules adsorbed at specific sites does not necessarily lead to a higher conversion ratio in noble‐metal photocatalysis. Our strategy weakens the assumed impact of plasmonic local heating and, to a certain extent, excludes the influence of concentration effects and chemical contributions in noble‐metal photocatalysis, thus clearly profiling plasmon‐related characteristics. This study also promises a new research direction to understand the enhancement mechanism of SERS‐active structures.     

纳米材料电化学与生物传感器——有机微污染物检测新途径

本文介绍了近年来纳米材料电化学与生物传感器在有机微污染物检测中的研究现状,分析了这些传感器中纳米材料修饰电极的特点,重点阐述了纳米材料在有机微污染物检测中的重要作用,列举了一些纳米材料电化学与生物传感器在有机微污染物检测中的应用。最后对纳米材料电化学与生物传感器用于有机微污染物的检测研究进行了简要评述和展望。     

The performance of a fast testing system for illicit materials detection based on energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction technique

A prototype setup for detecting illicit materials by energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDXRD) has been developed. The obtained results of NaCl by the equipment suggest that the total measurement system is reliable and can be used to detect different kinds of materials. The tests of TNT, methamphetamine and heroin are also performed on this equipment and the related EDXRD spectra are obviously influenced by the detecting angle and the X-ray sources. The detecting angle of 10° is more suitable for detecting TNT and methamphetamine, while 12° is better for heroin. Moreover, the curves of TNT, methamphetamine and heroin emitted by W target have more diffraction peaks than those emitted by Cu or Mo target, while the peak intensities of TNT and methamphetamine emitted by Mo are stronger than those emitted by Cu or W target. The curve of methamphetamine emitted by Mo target shows a special characteristic and exhibits a super strong diffraction peak located at 1.62 Å^{− 1}, which can be attributed to the effect arising from Mo kα and kβ.     

A highly sensitive protocol (FRET/SIMNSEF) for the determination of mercury ions: a unity of fluorescence quenching of graphene and enhancement of nanogold

A novel fluorescence protocol, i.e., FRET/SIMNSEF, has been introduced for the first time for the sensing of mercury ions, which allows highly sensitive detection in contrast with some other approaches.     

A new application of X‐ray scattering using principal component analysis – classification and identification of liquid precursor chemicals

X‐ray scattering (XRS) combined with principal component analysis has been utilized for classifying and identifying liquid precursor chemicals for the first time. The XRS spectra of some liquid precursor chemicals and normal materials were obtained by using an XRS system, and the profiles of scattering media distinctly reveal that the XRS spectra are unique corresponding to the specific liquid material. Furthermore, the obtained spectra were processed through principal component analysis by using the selected energy region in the spectra. The score plots of each substance were clustered together and almost coincident for the same liquid, implying good repeatability and reliability. As far as the different liquid materials are concerned, they could be classified into distinct groups according to their positions in the score plot. The score plots showed a clear classification and recognition of liquid precursor chemicals. This study demonstrates a possibility for analyzing different liquid materials, and it presents a new application for X‐ray spectroscopy. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Photocatalytic Decomposition of 2，4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid over Amorphous Titania Modified Pt（IV）under Visible Light

Amorphous microporous metal oxides of titanium（AMM-Ti）which can induce photocatalytic reactions under visible light irradiation was prepared by using Na2PtCl6 according to the sol-gel procedure affording high specific surface areas of 160-200 m2/g. The most active photocatalysts contained 3.0% P（t Ⅳ）. According to extended X-ray absorption fine structure（EXAFS）results,isolated PtCl4 molecules were homogeneously distributed in an almost exclusively amorphous matrix of titania. During the photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid（2,4-D）in aqueous solution containing a suspension of AMM-Ti,it was found that 2,4-dichlorophenol was the major intermediate. The initial rate of photo-degradation was studied as a function of the initial concentration of reactants by the linearised form of the Langmuir-Hinshelwood equation,by which rate constants k and equilibrium adsorption constants K were evaluated. The postulated charge separation mechanism at Pt （Ⅳ）/ AMM-Ti and photocatalytic degradation mechanism of 2,4-D were also proposed.     

Removal of mercury and fluoride from aqueous solutions by three-dimensional reduced-graphene oxide aerogel

Research on Chemical Intermediates - Three-dimensional reduced-graphene oxide (3-D RGO) hydrogel was synthesized by hydrothermal method from graphene oxide, de-ionized water, and oxalic acid...     

新型复合电极对偶氮染料分子的光催化降解

介绍了具有合成H2O2和光催化性能的双功能新型复合电极,并用X射线衍射、扫描电镜等方法进行了表征.双功能复合电极是将TiO2光催化剂负载在活性碳(AC)和具有合成H2O2性能的新型载体空气电极上形成的.在复合电极作阴极的光反应器中,* OH和TiO2光催化剂的存在实现了光化学氧化与光催化氧化在同一电极/溶液界面上的联合作用.实验结果表明,复合电极对提高偶氮染料分子活性艳红(K-2BP)的氧化降解速度起了重要作用,仅反应3 min,脱色率可达49%;反应80 min,偶氮染料分子COD去除率可达47%.