α‐Fe2O3 Cubes with High Visible‐Light‐Activated Photoelectrochemical Activity towards Glucose: Hydrothermal Synthesis Assisted by a Hydrophobic Ionic Liquid

A liquid/liquid interfacial reaction system was designed to fabricate α‐Fe₂O₃ cubes. The reaction system uses a hydrophobic ionic liquid containing iron ions ([(C₈H₁₇)₂(CH₃)₂N]FeCl₄) for manufacturing α‐Fe₂O₃ cubes by a novel and environmentally friendly hydrothermal method under low‐temperature conditions (140 °C). The iron‐containing ionic liquid is hydrophobic and can form a liquid/liquid interface with water, which is vital for fabrication of the α‐Fe₂O₃ cubes. Nanomaterials synthesized from hydrophobic iron‐containing ionic liquids show good crystallinity, well‐developed morphology, and uniform size. The effect of different ionic liquids on the morphology of α‐Fe₂O₃ was investigated in detail. [(C₈H₁₇)₂(CH₃)₂N]FeCl₄ is assumed to perform the triple role of forming a liquid/liquid interface with water and acting as reactant and template at the same time. The effect of the reaction temperature on the formation of the α‐Fe₂O₃ cubes was also studied. Temperatures lower or higher than 140 °C are not conducive to formation of the α‐Fe₂O₃ cubes. Their photoelectrochemical properties were tested by means of the transient photocurrent response of electrodes modified with as‐prepared α‐Fe₂O₃ cubes. The photocurrent response of an α‐Fe₂O₃ cubes/indium tin oxide electrode is high and stable, and it shows great promise as a photoelectrochemical glucose sensor with high sensitivity and fast response, which are beneficial to practical applications of nanosensors.     

含铜三元类水滑石化合物的合成及其性质

 以Cu（NO3）2，Zn（NO3）2和Al（NO3）3为原料，以NaOH为沉淀剂，利用共沉淀法合成了含铜三元类水滑石化合物CuZnAl－HTLcs．从不同Cu／Zn／Al比的混合原料溶液的滴定曲线入手，详细探讨了溶液pH值、原料加入方式、组分配比及水热处理条件对类水滑石合成的影响，利用XRD，ICP及比表面积测定对合成物进行了表征，并以苯酚羟基化为探针反应评价了催化剂的催化性能．结果表明，在体系pH＝5．0～6．2，（Cu＋Zn）／Al摩尔比＝2．0，Cu／Zn摩尔比≤1．0及室温条件下共沉淀后，于100℃水热处理3h，即可得到晶相单一和结晶度高的CuZnAl－HTLcs．变化pH法合成的样品的相对结晶度为100％，低过饱和法为76．5％，高过饱和法为75．9％．合成的CuZnAl－HTLcs中Cu2＋的含量均比原料液中Cu2＋的含量有所增加，这可能是由于在pH＝5．8时Cu2＋对Al（OH）3的同晶取代能力比Zn2＋强．随着CuZnAl－HTLcs中Cu含量的增加，催化剂对苯酚羟化反应的催化活性逐渐增大．     

Self-assembly and enhanced photocatalytic properties of BiOI hollow microspheres via a reactable ionic liquid

BiOI uniform flowerlike hollow microspheres with a hole in its surface structures have been successfully synthesized through an EG-assisted solvothermal process in the presence of ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium iodine ([Bmim]I). The as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), nitrogen sorption, and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). A possible formation mechanism for the growth of hollow microspheres was discussed. During the reactive process, ionic liquid not only acted as solvents and templates but also as an I source for the fabrication of BiOI hollow microspheres and was vital for the structure of hollow microspheres. Additionally, we evaluated the photocatalytic activities of BiOI on the degradation of methyl orange (MO) under visible light irradiation and found that as-prepared BiOI hollow microspheres exhibited higher photocatalytic activity than BiOI nanoplates and TiO(2) (Degussa, P25) did. On the basis of such analysis, it can be assumed that the enhanced photocatalytic activities of BiOI hollow microspheres could be ascribed to its energy band structure, high BET surface area, high surface-to-volume ratios, and light absorbance.     

Cu2+改性g-C3N4光催化剂的光催化性能

Photocatalytic technology can effectively solve the problem of increasingly serious water pollution, the core of which is the design and synthesis of highly efficient photocatalytic materials. Semiconductor photocatalysts are currently the most widely used photocatalysts. Among these is graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄), which has great potential in environment management and the development of new energy owing to its low cost, easy availability, unique band structure, and good thermal stability. However, the photocatalytic activity of g-C₃N₄ remains low because of problems such as wide bandgap, weakly absorb visible light, and the high recombination rate of photogenerated carriers. Among various modification strategies, doping modification is an effective and simple method used to improve the photocatalytic performance of materials. In this work, Cu/g-C₃N₄ photocatalysts were successfully prepared by incorporating Cu²⁺ into g-C₃N₄ to further optimize photocatalytic performance. At the same time, the structure, morphology, and optical and photoelectric properties of Cu/g-C₃N₄ photocatalysts were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), and photoelectric tests. XRD and XPS were used to ensure that the prepared photocatalysts were Cu/g-C₃N₄ and the valence state of Cu was in the form of Cu²⁺. Under visible light irradiation, the photocatalytic activity of Cu/g-C₃N₄ and pure g-C₃N₄ photocatalysts were investigated in terms of the degradation of RhB and CIP by comparing the amount of introduced copper ions. The experimental results showed that the degradation ability of Cu/g-C₃N₄ photocatalysts was stronger than that of pure g-C₃N₄. The N₂ adsorption-desorption isotherms of g-C₃N₄ and Cu/g-C₃N₄ demonstrated that the introduction of copper had little effect on the microstructure of g-C₃N₄. The small difference in specific surface area indicates that the enhanced photocatalytic activity may be attributed to the effective separation of photogenerated carriers. Therefore, the enhanced photocatalytic degradation of RhB and CIP over Cu/g-C₃N₄ may be due to the reduction of carrier recombination rate by copper. The photoelectric test showed that the incorporation of Cu²⁺ into g-C₃N₄ could reduce the electron-hole recombination rate of g-C₃N₄ and accelerate the separation of electron-hole pairs, thus enhancing the photocatalytic activity of Cu/g-C₃N₄. Free radical trapping experiments and electron spin resonance indicated that the synergistic effect of superoxide radicals (O₂^•−), hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and holes could increase the photocatalytic activity of Cu/g-C₃N₄ materials.     

Microwave-assisted synthesis of flower-like and leaf-like CuO nanostructures via room-temperature ionic liquids

Flower-like and leaf-like cupric oxide (CuO) single-crystal nanostructures have been successfully synthesized using ionic liquid 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoroacetate ([Omim]TA) under the microwave-assisted approach. By controlling the concentration of [Omim]TA and reaction temperature, shape transformation of CuO nanostructures could be achieved in a short period of time. The results indicate that ionic liquid [Omim]TA plays an important role in the formation of different morphologies of CuO crystals. The crystal structure and morphology of products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), infrared spectrum (IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and selected-area electron diffraction (SAED). A possible mechanism for CuO nanostructure was proposed. In addition, UV-vis spectroscopy was employed to estimate the band gap energies of CuO crystals.     

Synthesis and characterization of the efficient visible-light-induced photocatalyst AgBr and its photodegradation activity

AgBr photocatalysts were prepared with the 1-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([C₁₆mim]Br) reactable ionic liquid at different temperatures by one-step hydrothermal method, in which the ionic liquid acted as a precursor and a template to control the size of AgBr crystal. The photocatalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). Methyl orange (MO) dye was chosen as a model pollutant to investigate the photocatalytic activity and the stability of the samples under visible light irradiation. The results indicated that the AgBr photocatalysts showed high efficiency in the degradation of MO under visible light irradiation. The kinetic property of the reaction followed the first-order reaction model. During the photocatalytic degradation reaction, AgBr was transformed to the Ag⁰/AgBr composite. However, the photocatalytic efficiency was still high and the photocatalytic activity was stable. The possible photocatalytic mechanism of the photocatalysts was also eventually proposed.     

Controlled synthesis of different morphologies of BaWO4 crystals via a surfactant-assisted method

BaWO₄ crystals with different morphologies, such as nanosheets, nanobelts, flower-like, quadrangled plates and sheaves of dendrite, have been successfully synthesized via PVP as templates. Our result shows that reaction parameters, such as the concentration of PVP aqueous solutions, pH value of the starting solution and molar ratio of [Ba²⁺]/[WO₄²⁻] played important roles in the formation of BaWO₄ crystal with different morphologies. It is obviously different between microwave irradiation heating and oil bath heating. The products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction.     

火焰原子吸收法测定胃乃安胶囊中铜铅含量

采用干灰化法处理样品，火焰原子吸收光谱法测定胃乃安胶囊中铜、铅含量，用氚灯背景校正，有效地消除了基体干扰，方法的检出限为Ｃｕ：０．０２３ｍｇ／Ｌ，ｐｂ：０．０７０ｍｇ／Ｌ，ＲＳＤ在２．９％～５．６％之间，回收率分别为Ｃｕ：９３％～１０３．６％；ｐｂ：８８．２％～９５．０％。     

Exploitation of a photoelectrochemical sensing platform for bisphenol A quantitative determination using Cu/graphitic carbon nitride nanocomposites

The photoelectrochemical sensor basedon Cu/g-CN composites modified electrodeis firstly used to monitor bisphenol Awith high sensitivity. This work opens theway for the application of Cu/g-CN composites in photoelectrochemical field, and simultaneously contributed to broadening the application of graphitic carbon nitride-based materials. In addition, it can provide a convenient and rapid analysis method for the detection of other organic compounds in the future.