糖芯片最新研究进展

糖芯片是一种快速、高效、高通量获取糖-生物大分子相互作用信息的生物检测技术,对后基因组时代糖生物学的发展具有重大影响。本文主要论述了糖芯片固定化技术的最新进展,包括未经化学修饰的糖的化学固定,天然糖库及其固定,复杂寡糖的合成及其固定,糖基的密度差异固定化技术以及间隔基的引入技术。这些新的固定化技术保持了糖的化学结构,扩大了糖芯片的来源和应用范围,进一步提高了糖芯片的检测效率。此外,本文还介绍了虚拟筛选技术在这一领域的应用潜力以及糖芯片在医疗诊断等方面的应用,最后对糖芯片技术遇到的挑战和发展做了展望。     

Determination of Nitric Oxide-Derived Nitrite and Nitrate in Biological Samples by HPLC Coupled to Nitrite Oxidation

Nitrite and nitrate are main stable products of nitric oxide, a pivotal cellular signaling molecule, in biological fluids. Therefore, accurate measurement of the two ions is profoundly important. Nitrite is difficult to be determined for a larger number of interferences and unstable in the presence of oxygen. In this paper, a simple, cost-effective and accurate HPLC method for the determination of nitrite and nitrate was developed. On the basis of the reaction that nitrite is oxidized rapidly to nitrate with the addition of acidic potassium permanganate, the determination of nitrite and nitrate was achieved by the following strategy: each sample was injected twice for HPLC analysis, i.e. the first injection was to measure nitrate, and the second injection was to measure total nitrate including initial nitrate and the nitrate from the conversion of nitrite with the addition of acid potassium permanganate in the sample. The amount of nitrite can be calculated as difference between injections 2 and 1. The HPLC separation was performed on a reversed phase C₁₈ column for 15 min. The mobile phase consisted of methanol–water (2:98 by volume); the water in the mobile phase contained 0.60 mM phosphate salt (potassium dihydrogen and disodium hydrogen phosphate) and 2.5 mM tetrabutylammonium perchlorate (TBAP). The UV wavelength was set at 210 nm. Additionally, we systemically investigated the effects of the concentration of phosphate salt and TBAP in the mobile phase, the pH of the mobile phase, and the amount of acidic potassium permanganate added to the sample on the separation efficacy. The results showed that the limits of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) were 0.075 and 0.25 μM for nitrate (containing the oxidized nitrite), respectively. The linear range was 1–800 μM. This developed approach was successfully applied to assay nitrite/nitrate levels in cell culture medium, cell lysate, rat plasma and urine.     

Significant Strain Dissipation via Stiff-Tough Solid Electrolyte Interphase Design for Highly Stable Alloying Anodes

The pulverization of alloying anodes significantly restricts their use in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). This study presents a dual-phase solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) design that incorporates finely dispersed Al nanoparticles within the LiPON matrix. This distinctive dual-phase structure imparts high stiffness and toughness to the integrated SEI film. In comparison to single-phase LiPON film, the optimized Al/LiPON dual-phase SEI film demonstrates a remarkable increase in fracture toughness by 317.8 %, while maintaining stiffness, achieved through the substantial dissipation of strain energy. Application of the dual-phase SEI film on an Al anode leads to a 450 % enhancement in cycling stability for lithium storage in dual-ion batteries. A similar enhancement in cycling stability for silicon anodes, which face severe volume expansion issues, is also observed, demonstrating the broad applicability of the dual-phase SEI design. Specifically, homogeneous Li−Al alloying has been observed in conventional LIBs, even when paired with a high mass loading LiNi_0.5Co_0.3Mn_0.2O₂ cathode (7 mg cm⁻²). The dual-phase SEI film design can also accelerate the diffusion kinetics of Li-ions through interface electronic structure regulation. This dual-phase design can integrate stiffness and toughness into a single SEI film, providing a pathway to enhance both the structural stability and rate capability of alloying anodes.     

Determination of Nitric Oxide-Derived Nitrite and Nitrate in Biological Samples by HPLC Coupled to Nitrite Oxidation

Nitrite and nitrate are main stable products of nitric oxide, a pivotal cellular signaling molecule, in biological fluids. Therefore, accurate measurement of the two ions is profoundly important. Nitrite is difficult to be determined for a larger number of interferences and unstable in the presence of oxygen. In this paper, a simple, cost-effective and accurate HPLC method for the determination of nitrite and nitrate was developed. On the basis of the reaction that nitrite is oxidized rapidly to nitrate with the addition of acidic potassium permanganate, the determination of nitrite and nitrate was achieved by the following strategy: each sample was injected twice for HPLC analysis, i.e. the first injection was to measure nitrate, and the second injection was to measure total nitrate including initial nitrate and the nitrate from the conversion of nitrite with the addition of acid potassium permanganate in the sample. The amount of nitrite can be calculated as difference between injections 2 and 1. The HPLC separation was performed on a reversed phase C₁₈ column for 15 min. The mobile phase consisted of methanol–water (2:98 by volume); the water in the mobile phase contained 0.60 mM phosphate salt (potassium dihydrogen and disodium hydrogen phosphate) and 2.5 mM tetrabutylammonium perchlorate (TBAP). The UV wavelength was set at 210 nm. Additionally, we systemically investigated the effects of the concentration of phosphate salt and TBAP in the mobile phase, the pH of the mobile phase, and the amount of acidic potassium permanganate added to the sample on the separation efficacy. The results showed that the limits of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) were 0.075 and 0.25 μM for nitrate (containing the oxidized nitrite), respectively. The linear range was 1–800 μM. This developed approach was successfully applied to assay nitrite/nitrate levels in cell culture medium, cell lysate, rat plasma and urine.

     

Corner detection and matching for infrared image based on double ring mask and adaptive SUSAN algorithm

Infrared (IR) image fusion is designed to fuse several IR images into a comprehensive image to boost imaging quality and reduce redundancy information, and image matching is an indispensable step. However, Conventional matching techniques are susceptible to the noise and fuzzy edges in IR images and it is therefore very desirable to have a matching algorithm that is tolerant to them. This paper presents a method for infrared image matching based on the SUSAN corner detection. To solve the problems of the traditional SUSAN algorithm including the fixed threshold of gray value difference and the failed detection of symmetry corners, an adaptive threshold extraction method is raised in this study. Furthermore, an attached double ring mask is used to improve the complex corner detection capability. A constraint condition and a principle of gravity are adopted to filtrate the candidate corners. The proposed method is qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated on IR images in the experiments. In comparison with other methods, better performance has been achieved.     

五氯化二氧六环合铈(Ⅳ)及其铵盐配合物的合成

本文用氢氧化铈(Ⅳ)在二氧六环中,通入干燥的HCl气体,得到了热稳定性较好的四或五氯化二氧环合铈(Ⅳ)配合物-Ce(C₄H₈O₂)₄Cl₄或HCe(C₄H₈O₂)₄Cl₅。并将五氯化二氧六环合铈(Ⅳ)配合物与不同的含氮化合物配合,合成了一些新的五氯化二氧六环合铈铵盐配合物(HL)Ce(C₄H₈O₂)_xCl₅(L=8-羟基喹啉、咪唑、邻啡啰啉、吡啶、氮杂菲、吩嗪;x=1,2,3,4)。上述配合物通过元素分析、红外光谱、紫外光谱、热分析和电子能谱进行了鉴定。研究了不同的含氮化合物对四价铈氯化物热稳定性的影响。     

Excessive Iodine Enabled Ultrathin Inorganic Perovskite Growth at the Liquid-Air Interface

The liquid-air interface offers a platform for the in-plane growth of free-standing materials. However, it is rarely used for inorganic perovskites and ultrathin non-layered perovskites. Herein the liquid-air interfacial synthesis of inorganic perovskite nanosheets (Cs₃Bi₂I₉, Cs₃Sb₂I₉) is achieved simply by drop-casting the precursor solution with only the addition of iodine. The products are inaccessible without iodine addition. The thickness and lateral size of these nanosheets can be adjusted through the iodine concentration. The high volatility of the iodine spontaneously drives precursors that normally stay in the liquid to the liquid-air interface. The iodine also repairs in situ iodine vacancies during perovskite growth, giving enhanced optical and optoelectronic properties. The liquid-air interfacial growth of ultrathin perovskites provides multi-degree-of-freedom for constructing perovskite-based heterostructures and devices at atomic scale.     

Structural characterization of a vegetable oil‐based polyol through liquid chromatography multistage mass spectrometry

A commercial vegetable oil‐based polyol for rigid polyurethane foams has been characterized by liquid chromatography‐electrospray ionization‐quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry (LC‐ESI‐QIT‐MS). The absolute molecular weight (MW = 960) was measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) equipped with both refractive index (RI) detector and static laser light‐scattering detector (SLSD), which allowed further analysis by LC‐MS. The oligo‐polyol mixture was first separated in two elutes and then investigated by a deep multistage mass spectrometry (MSⁿ) study and completed using NMR. The major constituents identified were regioisomers of propoxylated sucrose (n_PO = 6–12), and the related esters of C16:0, C18:1, and C18:2 fatty acids had a mass ratio of 6:3:1. A comparison of fatty acids composition between the sample and palm oil demonstrated that the sample was initially prepared from the mixture of sucrose and palm oil by direct propoxylation. The MSⁿ fragmentation studies validated the structure of propoxylated sucrose and the related fatty acids derivatives. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017 , 55, 255–262     

Apparent distance theory revision for low-light-level night vision system based on noise factor

This paper introduces basic concept of the detection range of a low-light-level (LLL) imaging system, and on the basis of previous derivation of visual distance detection equation for the LLL imaging system, the influence of noise factor on visual distance of LLL night vision system is discussed emphatically. Image intensifier is the most important part of LLL night vision device and SNR is one of the important parameters of micro-light image intensifier, whose value determines the detection distance and image sharpness of LLL imaging system in low-light conditions. In this paper, using system noise factor relation, by modifying the noise factor, a more practical and perfect horizon detecting equation is established, and the horizon estimation is carried out with the experiment, and the practicability of the corrected Horizon formula is verified. It has a certain guiding significance for improvement of the LLL imaging system and the development of night vision technology.