Fused-ring and linking group effects of proton donors and acceptors on simple H-bonded liquid crystals

Two fused-ring structures, 6-decyloxy-2-naphthoic acid C₁₀ONA (3) and 6-dodecyloxyisoquinoline IS (8), were synthesized and utilized as proton donor and acceptor moieties to construct a series of simple mesogenic supramolecules. The other complementary hydrogen-bonded (H-bonded) moieties are benzoic acids, thiophenecarboxylic acid and pyridines containing different alkyl chain lengths connected by ether and ester linkages, i.e. 4-alkoxybenzoic acid C _n OBA (1), terephthalic acid monoalkyl ester C _n COOBA (2), 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylic acid monodecyl ester C₁₀COOTHA (4), 4-alkoxypyridine C _n OP (6) and isonicotinic acid alkyl ester C _n COOP (7). Several series of simple mesogenic supramolecular dimers were constructed from 1:1 molar ratios of proton donors (C _n OBA, C _n COOBA, C₁₀ONA and C₁₀COOTHA) and proton acceptors (IS, C _n OP and C _n COOP), though the proton acceptor C _n COOP induced phase separation in all complexes. In order to investigate their fused-ring and linking group effects on the mesogenic properties of the H-bonded complexes, analogous simple supramolecular structures are compared. Supramolecular architecture and the distinct mesomorphism of these simple H-bonded liquid crystalline materials were confirmed by polarizing optical microscopy, DSC and powder X-ray diffraction experiments.     

半导体纳米粒子与金纳米粒子间荧光共振能量转移研究

采用水相法合成的CdTe半导体纳米粒子作为能量给体, 通过Schiff碱反应将单链DNA连接到表面. 采用柠檬酸钠还原氯金酸法制取的Au纳米粒子作为能量受体, 通过Au—S键将单链DNA连接到表面. 通过DNA链间的杂交, 构建了荧光共振能量转移体系(FRET). 测定了CdTe-DNA、 探针体系和探针体系+目标DNA的荧光强度. 结果表明, 探针体系的荧光强度最弱, 加入目标DNA后, 体系荧光增强, 表明该体系的构建是成功的.     

鳞状BiOBr/Bi2WO6的合成及其吸附性能

采用一步水热法成功制备鳞状形貌的BiOBr/Bi₂WO₆复合物,通过X射线衍射（XRD）仪、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、N2吸附/解吸附比表面测定仪（BET）、傅里叶变换红外（FT-IR）光谱等对复合物进行了表征。对比Bi₂WO₆与BiOBr的SEM照片,结合KBr的浓度实验,提出了BiOBr/Bi₂WO₆的鳞状形貌的形成机理。选取有机染料为吸附质,BiOBr/Bi₂WO₆为吸附剂进行了复合物吸附性能测试。结果表明,BiOBr/Bi₂WO₆对阳离子染料表现出优越的吸附性能,10 min对次甲基蓝（MB）的吸附率高达99%,优于常规的活性炭吸附剂。此外,BiOBr/Bi₂WO₆对有机染料的吸附行为符合准二级反应速率方程和Freundlich等温吸附模型。     

Ni3Fe的有序化和反相畴界的FIM-AP研究

实验用场离子显微镜(FIM)和原子探针(AP)研究了Ni₃Fe的有序化和反相畴界(APB)。结果表明Ni₃Fe的有序转变虽属均匀有序转变,但转变过程并不是真的“均匀”。FIM照片和AP台阶图都证实了{200}晶面上保守反相畴界和NiNi型、FeNi型非保守反相畴界的存在。论文用Morse势估算了{200}晶面上APB的能量。计算表明,平行非保守APB对的能量低于保守APB的能量。     

半导体CdTe纳米晶的合成及其光学性能

半导体CdTe纳米晶的合成及其光学性能;CdTe;纳米晶;光学性能     

氢致表观屈服应力下降的原因——氢促进塑性变形机理

本文利用Bockris所做的氢渗透实验数据,根据Boltzmann分布,计算了氢在α-Fe中的应变场。结果表明:氢在α-Fe中的应变场具有强烈的非球对称性。计算了氢和螺位错的弹性交互作用能,大约为28kJ/mol。在外应力作用下螺位错周围的氢原子气团成不对称分布,从而有一个附加力作用在螺位错上,它协助外应力使位错开动。因此,产生宏观塑性变形所需的外应力,即表观屈服应力τ_c,就会明显下降。即在较低的外应力(或者较低的应力场强度因子)下就能引起氢致塑性变形。     

化学工程与工艺专业综合性实验探索与实践——以酸性黑10B实验为例

基于工程教育认证的要求,以实验课程教学目标为导向,从教学内容和教学模式2个方面对化学工程与工艺专业综合实验进行设置,完善了酸性黑10B综合实验项目。强调以学生为主体,进行从染料的合成到染料标准化加工,再到染料应用及染色废水的光催化降解的系列实验过程,使学生对染料生产行业有较系统的理解和掌握,提高学生的团队合作能力和科研能力。     

交流电在Al_2O_3模板中沉积金属机理探讨

以铝阳极氧化形成有序的多孔氧化铝为模板,利用交流电在模板孔洞中沉积金属Ag得到纳米Ag粒子/Al2O3组装体系,透射电镜观察证实在氧化铝模板中有金属纳米Ag粒子存在.分析了交流电能在孔洞中沉积金属的原因是由于Al/Al2O3界面的整流特性,测量了Al/Al2O3界面的I－U关系曲线.     

The Syntheses of 4‐Arylamino‐1,2,3‐Triazoles and Stable 6‐Sydnonyl Verdazyls from Sydnone Derivatives and Their Fragments

α‐Chloroformylarylhydrazones 1 and α‐chloroformylarylhydrazones of sydnonecarbaldehydes 3 have been prepared by a new synthetic route: α‐chloroformylarylhydrazines hydrochlorides 2 reacted with corresponding carbonyl compounds. Reactions of compounds 3 with various hydrazines to give 6‐sydnonyl‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazinan‐3‐ones 7 and/or carbazones 8 were also investigated. By oxidization with lead dioxide, compounds 7 were trans formed to stable 6‐sydnonyl‐3,4‐dihydro‐3‐oxo‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazin‐1(2H)‐yl radical derivatives 9 (sydnonyl verdazyls). Furthermore, sydnonecarbaldehydes arylhydrazones 5 through acidic conditions could be transferred to 4‐arylamino‐1,2,3‐triazoles 6 which were also obtained by means of acidic decompositions of 4‐formylsydnones 10 .     

金属间化合物脆性微裂纹形核的TEM观察

通过对Ti₃Al+Nb金属间化合物在透射电子显微镜下的原位拉伸,研究了脆性材料中位错的发射,无位错区(DFZ)的形成及其本质,以及脆性微裂纹在DFZ中的形核和扩展,并用细观断裂力学研究了微裂纹的形核过程,结果表明,脆性裂纹也能发射大量位错并形成DFZ,发射位错后裂纹可能钝化也可能不钝化,DFZ是一个畸变很高的弹性区,其中的应力有可能等于原子键合力,从而导致纳米级解理裂纹在DFZ或钝化裂纹顶端形核。