The Effect of the Spacer of Bis(biurea) Ligands on the Structure of A2L3‐type (A=anion) Phosphate Complexes

By tuning the length and rigidity of the spacer of bis(biurea) ligands L, three structural motifs of the A₂L₃ complexes (A represents anion, here orthophosphate PO₄^3?), namely helicate, mesocate, and mono‐bridged motif, have been assembled by coordination of the ligand to phosphate anion. Crystal structure analysis indicated that in the three complexes, each of the phosphate ions is coordinated by twelve hydrogen bonds from six surrounding urea groups. The anion coordination properties in solution have also been studied. The results further demonstrate the coordination behavior of phosphate ion, which shows strong tendency for coordination saturation and geometrical preference, thus allowing for the assembly of novel anion coordination‐based structures as in transition‐metal complexes.     

Spectral estimates for saddle point matrices arising in weak constraint four‐dimensional variational data assimilation

We consider the large sparse symmetric linear systems of equations that arise in the solution of weak constraint four‐dimensional variational data assimilation, a method of high interest for numerical weather prediction. These systems can be written as saddle point systems with a 3 × 3 block structure but block eliminations can be performed to reduce them to saddle point systems with a 2 × 2 block structure, or further to symmetric positive definite systems. In this article, we analyse how sensitive the spectra of these matrices are to the number of observations of the underlying dynamical system. We also obtain bounds on the eigenvalues of the matrices. Numerical experiments are used to confirm the theoretical analysis and bounds.     

(2 + 1) Resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization of hydrogen chloride in a pulsed supersonic jet: Vacuum wavenumbers of rotational lines with detailed band analysis for excited electronic states of HCl

A comprehensive study of the excited electronic states of HCl is reported. Using resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization ((2 + 1) REMPI) and time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) over 120 band systems are analyzed. Supersonic jet techniques are used to prepare rotationally cold species for laser spectroscopy in the 77 000 to 96 000 cm⁻¹ region. At least 50 new electronic states are characterized as well as several features only tentatively assigned previously. A long vibrational progression consisting of 29 vibrational levels of the deeply bound V¹Σ⁺(0⁺) valence/ion-pair state is studied. We also extend the identification and analysis to high vibrational levels of low-lying Rydberg states. The assignments of [²Π_i] Rydberg state complexes are evaluated in terms of spin-orbit coupling and united-atom calculations. In several band systems, the spectra exhibit anomalous rotational line intensities and broadened linewidths which are consistent with predissociation. Multiphoton ionization with mass spectrometry permits the investigation of isotope effects as well as the appearance of fragment species associated with repulsive potential curves.     

Fabrication of Zeolite A Rods with Irregular Macropores by Self-assembly of Zeolite A Microcrystals Using Microwave-assisted Hydrothermal Synthesis

Zeolite A rods by self-assembly of zeolite A microcrystal were successfully synthesized by microwave-assisted hydrotherrnal synthesis. The average size of zeolite crystals consisting of self-assembling materials was about 300 nm and the length of zeolite rods was in the range of 15--30μm.     

On the pivot structure for the weighing matrix W(12,11)

In the present article we concentrate our study on the growth problem for the weighing matrix W(12,11) and show that the unique W(12,11) has three pivot structures. An improved algorithm for extending a k × k (0,+,-) matrix to a W(n,n-1), if possible, has been developed to simplify the proof. For the implementation of the algorithm special emphasis is given to the notions of data structures and parallel processing.     

Eine neue volumetrische Methode zur Bestimmung der salpetrigen S?ure

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