Beryllium (boron) clustering quest in relativistic multifragmentation (BECQUEREL Project)

A physical program of irradiation of emulsions in beams of relativistic nuclei named the BECQUEREL Project is reviewed. It is destined to study in detail the processes of relativistic fragmentation of light radioactive and stable nuclei. The expected results would make it possible to answer some topical questions concerning the cluster structure of light nuclei. Owing to the best spatial resolution, the nuclear emulsions would enable one to obtain unique and evident results. The most important irradiations will be performed in the secondary beams of He, Be, B, C, and N radioactive nuclei formed on the basis of JINR Nuclotron beams of stable nuclei. We present results on the charged state topology of relativistic fragmentation of the ¹⁰B nucleus at low energy-momentum transfers as the first step of the research.     

Investigation of clustering in light nuclei by means of relativistic-multifragmentation processes

New results concerning the topology of the fragmentation of relativistic nuclei ⁷Li and ¹⁰B are presented. A program is proposed for studying the cluster structure of stable and radioactive nuclei. The use of emulsions in the investigation of nuclear clustering in the fragmentation of light nuclei at energies are in excess of 1 GeV per nucleon is discussed.     

Organotin and tin(IV) derivatives of dimethyldithioarsinic acid

Organotin derivatives of dimethyldithioarsinic (dithocacodylic) acid have been obtained from the appropriate organotin chloride and the sodium salt of the latter. Tin(IV) chloride and NaS₂AsMe₂ · 2 H₂O yielded only two products, namely Cl₂Sn(S₂AsMe₂)₂ and Sn (S₂AsMe₂)₄, regardless of the reagent ratio. Spectroscopic characterization of the compounds (infrared and¹H NMR) provides structural information suggesting that the dimethyldithioarsinato group behaves as monodentate (or anisobidentate) ligand in Me₂Sn(S₂AsMe₂)₂, Bu₂Sn-(S₂AsMe₂)₂ and Cy₃Sn(S₂AsMe₂), as bidentate in Ph₂Sn(S₂AsMe₂)₂, Ph₃Sn(S₂AsMe₂) and Cl₂As(S₂AsMe₂)₂, whereas Sn(S₂AsMe₂)₄ contains both mono- and bidentate ligands, presumably in a six-coordinate structure.     

Separation and quantitative determination of dioxouranium(VI) and thorium(IV) ions in the presence of different metallic ions by TLC using iso-propyldithiophosphoric acid as complexing agent

The separation of uranium and thorium from matrices containing various metal ions, was studied. The mobile phase contains isopropyldithiophosphoric acid (i-PrDTP), as a complexing agent, in order to differentiate the studied species by modifying their retention. The paper reports the successful separation and the quantitative determination of uranium and thorium in the presence of Ni²⁺, Co²⁺ and Ag⁺ in the concentration range 2.5–2.5 μg/μl for uranium and 2.5–30 μg/μl for thorium.     

Pretreated bright palladium electrode in potentiometric redox titrations Titration of Cr(2)O(7)(2-) and Ce(4+) with Fe(2+)

The behaviour of the bright palladium electrode toward the redox systems Cr(2)O(7)(2-)/Fe(2+) and Ce(4+)/Fe(2+) (in potentiometric titration) has been investigated as a function of pretreatment of the electrode. Anodization of the electrode at potentials higher than 800 mV increases DeltaE at the equivalence point by 300-400 mV for the dichromate titration. The sharp change in potential is due to the reaction between PdO(2) and Fe(2+). The equivalence point corresponds to the beginning of the potential drop, rather than the inflexion point, especially for dilute solutions. If the electrode is ignited before use the surface oxide PdO is oxidized to PdO(2) by Cr(V), the potential increases during the titration and DeltaE is 200 mV bigger than when an untreated electrode is used. In the titration of Ce(4+) with Fe(2+) the DeltaE is largest with untreated electrodes, and if the anodized electrode is used, the titration curves clearly show the reaction between PdO(2) and Fe(2+).     

Extraction of uranium/VI/ with di-2-ethylhexyldithiophosphoric acid in different organic solvents

Solvent extraction of uranium/VI/ from aqueous perchlorate media into cyclohexane, chloroform and carbon tetrachloride solutions of di-2-ethylhexyldithiophosphoric acid /HEhdtp/ was investigated. The treatment of the partition data showed that the extraction occurs via an ion-exchange mechanism similar to that established in benzene. The species extracted in the oxygen-free noncoordinating solvents mentioned are 12 complexes of uranyl ion with phosphorodithioato group. The high distribution ratio obtained is due to the long and branched alkyl chain /2-ethylhexyl/ of phosphorodithioato ligand, which increases the solubility of the uranium/VI/ chelate in the organic phase and decreases considerably its solubility in the aqueous phase.     

Differing Coordination Modes of (O‐Alkyl)‐p‐Ethoxyphenyldithiophosphonato Ligands in Copper(I), Silver(I) and Gold(I) Triphenylphosphine Complexes

The three (O‐methyl)‐p‐ethoxyphenyldithiophosphonato triphenylphosphine complexes of copper, silver and gold, [(Ph₃P)_nM{S₂P(OMe)C₆H₄OEt‐p}] (M = Cu, n = 2; M = Ag, Au, n = 1) investigated structurally by X‐ray diffraction exhibit remarkable structural differences. The copper compound is a four‐coordinate chelate monomer with Cu–S 2.4417(6) and 2.5048(6) Å; P–Cu–S 104.24(2)–114.01(2)°; Cu–S–P 82.49(3)° and 80.85(2)°. The silver compound is a cyclic dimer with bridging dithiophosphonato ligands and three‐coordinate silver atoms [Ag–S 2.5371(5) and 2.6867(5) Å; P–Ag–S 122.88(2)° and 122.17(2)°; Ag–S–P 89.32(2)° and 103.56(2)°]. The gold compound is monomeric with linear dicoordinate gold [Au–S 2.3218(6) Å; P–Au–S 177.72(2)°, Au–S–P 100.97(3)°].     

Electromagnetic dissociation of relativistic 8B nuclei in nuclear track emulsion

Experimental data on fragmentation channels in peripheral interactions of ⁸B nuclei in nuclear track emulsions are presented. A detailed analysis made it possible to justify selections of events of the electromagnetic-dissociation process ⁸B → ⁷Be + p and to estimate its cross section. Events of ¹⁰C peripheral dissociation that were observed in the same exposure are described.     

Peripheral fragmentation of 8B nuclei in nuclear emulsion at an energy of 1.2 GeV per nucleon

The results obtained by studying the charge topology of fragments produced in the peripheral dissociation of relativistic ⁸B nuclei in emulsion are presented. Fifty-five events of the peripheral dissociation of a ⁸B nucleus in events where there was no production of target-nucleus fragments and mesons (“white stars”) were selected. A leading contribution of the ⁸B → ⁷Be + p mode, which has the lowest energy threshold, was revealed on the basis of these events. Information about the branching ratios for dissociation modes characterized by a higher multiplicity was obtained. The dissociation of the ⁷Be core in ⁸B bears resemblance to the dissociation of a free ⁷Be nucleus. The transverse-momentum distributions of fragments originating from the ⁸B → ⁷Be + p dissociation mode were obtained. For these distributions, a small mean value of 〈P*_T〉 = 52 ± 5 MeV/c in the c.m. frame suggests a low binding energy of the outer proton in the ⁸B nucleus. An indication of a strong azimuthal correlation of the fragments ⁷Be and p was found.     

Vibrational Spectra of Dimethyldithiophosphinate Anion: (CH3)2PS2

Abstract

The infrared and Raman spectra of dimethyldithiophosphinate anion (CH₃)₂PS₂ were measured and the vibrational modes for the anion complex were assigned. A Normal Coordinate Analysis in the Modified General Valence Force Field (MGVFF) approximation was carried out assuming C_2v symmetry. Ab Initio Calculations at RHF and MP2 level were also carried out for the anion geometry as well as for its frequencies, intensities and force constants.