Continuous-Wave Operation of a 460-GHz Second Harmonic Gyrotron Oscillator

We report the regulated continuous-wave (CW) operation of a second harmonic gyrotron oscillator at output power levels of over 8 W (12.4 kV and 135 mA beam voltage and current) in the TE(0,6,1) mode near 460 GHz. The gyrotron also operates in the second harmonic TE(2,6,1) mode at 456 GHz and in the TE(2,3,1) fundamental mode at 233 GHz. CW operation was demonstrated for a one-hour period in the TE(0,6,1) mode with better than 1% power stability, where the power was regulated using feedback control. Nonlinear simulations of the gyrotron operation agree with the experimentally measured output power and radio-frequency (RF) efficiency when cavity ohmic losses are included in the analysis. The output radiation pattern was measured using a pyroelectric camera and is highly Gaussian, with an ellipticity of 4%. The 460-GHz gyrotron will serve as a millimeter-wave source for sensitivity-enhanced nuclear magnetic resonance (dynamic nuclear polarization) experiments at a magnetic field of 16.4 T.     

Geometric optimization andD P -completeness

In this paper we show a number of natural geometric optimization problems in the plane to becomplete for a classD ^P . The classD ^p contains both NP and Co-NP and is contained in ₂ ^P =P ^NP. Completeness inD ^p is exhibited under many-one and positive reductions. Further anOptP(O(logn)) result is also obtained for some of these optimization problems.Work on this paper by the first author was supported in part by NSF Grant No. MIP 85-21356 and ARO Contract No. DAAG29-85-C-0018 under Cornell/MSI. Work by the second author was supported in part by NSF Grant No. DCR 86-06366 at Ohio State and ONR Grant No. N00014-k-0045 at Harvard.On leave from Ohio State University.     

The structure of malabricol

A single crystal X-ray analysis has confirmed the constitution and established the stereochemistry of the triterpene, malabaricol.     

The stereochemistry of guggulsterol-1

The steroechemistry of guggulsterol-1, a component of the exudate of $\text{Commiphora}$$\text{mukul}$, is shown to be 20(R), 22(R)($\text{3}$).     

Catecholamine release from cultured bovine adrenal medullary chromaffin cells in the presence of 60-Hz magnetic fields

Effects of powerline frequency (50/60 Hz) electric and magnetic fields on the central nervous system may involve altered neurotransmitter release. This possibility was addressed by determining whether 60-Hz linearly polarized sinusoidal magnetic fields (MFs) alter the release of catecholamines from cultured bovine adrenal chromaffin cells, a well-characterized model of neural-type cells. Dishes of cells were placed in the center of each of two four-coil Merritt exposure systems that were enclosed within mu-metal chambers in matched incubators for simultaneous sham and MF exposure. Following 15-min MF exposure of the cells to flux densities of 0.01, 0.1, 1.0 or 2 mT, norepinephrine and epinephrine release were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with electrochemical detection. No significant differences in the release of either norepinephrine or epinephrine were detected between sham-exposed cells and cells exposed to MFs in either the absence or presence of Bay K-8644 (2 microM) or dimethylphenylpiperazinium (DMPP, 10 microM). Consistent with these null findings is the lack of effect of MF exposure on calcium influx. We conclude that catecholamine release from chromaffin cells is not sensitive to 60-Hz MFs at magnetic flux densities in the 0.01-2 mT range.     

A sensitive colorimetric determination of 2,2′-dihydroxybiphenyl

Summary A colorimetric method for the determination of 2,2-dihydroxy-biphenyl in rat urine is described. The ether extract is subjected to thin-layer chromatography on silica gel-G plates in the solvent system benzene-methanol (8020) and spots corresponding to 2,2-dihydroxybiphenyl and its glucuronide derivative are eluted with ethanol. The glucuronide is hydrolysed with HCl and the 2,2-di-hydroxybiphenyl content is determined after colour development with sodium cobaltinitrite, the absorbance being read at 410 nm. The method is sensitive and reproducible. It obeys the Lambert-Beer law in the concentration range 0.7–8.9g/ml.

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Eine empfindliche kolorimetrische Methode zur Bestimmung von 2,2 -Dihydroxybiphenyl

Zusammenfassung Eine kolorimetrische Methode zur Bestimmung von 2,2-Dihydroxy-biphenyl in Rattenharn wurde beschrieben. Der ätherische Extrakt wird auf Silikagel-G-Platten dünnschicht-chromatographisch mit dem Lösungsmittelsystem Benzol-Methanol (8020) getrennt. Die dem genannten Stoff und seinem Glucuronid entsprechenden Flecken werden mit äthanol eluiert. Das Glucuronid wird mit Salzsäure hydrolysiert und der Gehalt an 2,2-Di-hydroxybiphenyl nach Ausführung der Farbreaktion mit Natriumkobalti-nitrit und Messung bei 410 nm bestimmt. Das Verfahren ist empfindlich und gut reproduzierbar. Es entspricht dem Lambert-Beerschen Gesetz zwischen 0,7 und 8,9g/ml.