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排序方式: 共有1385条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Daniel Heinz Annette Meister Hazrat Hussain Karsten Busse Jörg Kressler 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2020,58(23):3322-3335
Adding perfluoroalkyl (PF) segments to amphiphilic copolymers yields triphilic copolymers with new application profiles. Usually, PF segments are attached as terminal blocks via Cu(I) catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). The purpose of the current study is to design new triphilic architectures with a PF segment in central position. The PF segment bearing bifunctional atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) initiator is employed for the fabrication of triphilic poly(propylene oxide)-b-poly(glycerol monomethacrylate)-b-PF-b-poly(glycerol monomethacrylate)-b-poly(propylene oxide) PPO-b-PGMA-b-PF-b-PGMA-b-PPO pentablock copolymers by a combined ATRP and CuAAC reaction approach. Differential scanning calorimetry indicates the PF-initiator to undergo a solid–solid phase transition at 63°C before the final crystal melting at 95°C. This is further corroborated by polarized optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction studies. The PF-initiator could successfully polymerize solketal methacrylate (SMA) under typical ATRP conditions producing well-defined Br-PSMA-b-PF-b-PSMA-Br triblock copolymers that are then converted into PPO-b-PSMA-b-PF-b-PSMA-b-PPO pentablock copolymer via CuAAC reaction. Subsequently, acid hydrolysis of the PSMA blocks afforded water soluble well-defined triphilic pentablock copolymers PPO-b-PGMA-b-PF-b-PGMA-b-PPO with fluorophilic central segment, hydrophilic middle blocks, and lipophilic outer blocks. The triphilic block copolymers could self-assemble, depending upon the preparatory protocol, into spherical and filament-like phase-separated nanostructures as revealed by transmission electron microscopy. 相似文献
2.
Muhammad Usman Khan Muhammad Yasir Mehboob Riaz Hussain Zainab Afzal Muhammad Khalid Muhammad Adnan 《International journal of quantum chemistry》2020,120(22):e26377
The development of organic electron acceptor materials is one of the key factors for realizing high-performance organic solar cells (OSCs). Nonfullerene electron acceptors, compared to traditional fullerene acceptor materials, have gained much impetus owing to their better optoelectronic tunabilities and lower cost, as well as higher stability. Therefore, 5 three-dimensional (3D) cross-shaped acceptor materials having a spirobifullerene core flanked with 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole are designed from a recently synthesized highly efficient acceptor molecule SF(BR) 4 and are investigated in detail with regard to their use as acceptor molecules in OSCs. The density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) calculations have been performed for the estimation of frontier molecular orbital (FMO) analysis, density of states analysis, reorganization energies of electron and hole, dipole moment, open-circuit voltage, photo-physical characteristics, and transition density matrix analysis. In addition, the structure-property relationship is studied, and the influence of end-capped acceptor modifications on photovoltaic, photo-physical, and electronic properties of newly selected molecules ( H1-H5 ) is calculated and compared with reference ( R ) acceptor molecule SF(BR) 4 . The structural tailoring at terminals was found to effectively tune the FMO band gap, energy levels, absorption spectra, open-circuit voltage, reorganization energy, and binding energy value in selected molecules H1 to H5 . The 3D cross-shaped molecules H1 to H5 suppress the intermolecular aggregation in PTB7-Th blend, which leads to high efficiency of acceptor material H1 to H5 in OSCs. Consequently, better optoelectronic properties are achieved from designed molecules H1 to H5 . It is proposed that the conceptualized molecules are superior than highly efficient spirobifullerene core-based SF(BR) 4 acceptor molecules and, thus, are recommended to experiments for future developments of highly efficient solar cells. 相似文献
3.
This paper describes an optimization technique based on an heuristic procedure which is applied to analyse and improve the efficiency of the design of Global Positioning System (GPS) surveying networks. GPS is a valuable survey tool because of its ability to increase the accuracy, speed and flexibility of a survey. A GPS network can be defined as a number of stations, which are co-ordinated by a series of sessions, formed by placing receivers on stations. The goal is to select the best order in which these sessions can be organised to give the best possible schedule. Generally, solving large networks to optimality requires impractical computational time. This paper proposes a Tabu Search technique which provides optimal or near-optimal solutions for large networks with an acceptable amount of computational effort. Computational results for several case studies with known and unknown optimal schedules have been presented to assess the performance of the proposed technique. 相似文献
4.
Metal ion uptake properties of polystyrene-supported chelating polymer resins functionalized with (i) glycine, (ii) hydroxy
benzoic acid, (iii) Schiff base and (iv) diethanol amine have been investigated. The effects of pH, time and initial concentration
on the uptake of metal ions have been studied. The uptake of metal ion depends on pH. The resins are more selective at pH
10 for Pb(II) and Hg(II), whereas at pH 6 they are found to be Cd(II) and Cr(VI) selective. Metal ion uptake properties of
resins follow Freundlich’s equation. The resins are recyclable and are therefore employed for the removal of heavy metal pollutants
from industrial waste water. 相似文献
5.
Gábor Blaskó S.Fazal Hussain Alan J. Freyer Maurice Shamma 《Tetrahedron letters》1981,22(33):3127-3130
The dark yellow indenobenzazepine alkaloids lahorine () and lahoramine () have been found in Lam. (Fumariaceae). In a transformation with biogenetic implications, treatment of the spirobenzylisoquinolines dihydrofumariline () and dihydroparfumidine () with methanesulfonyl chloride and triethylamine in dry THF, followed by iodine oxidation, provided and , respectively. 相似文献
6.
M. Aneesuddin P. N. Char M. Raza Hussain E. R. Saxena 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》1983,26(2):205-215
When chalcopyrite is heated in air, up to 350? there is no marked change. Between 350 and 440?, surface material is oxidised to iron sulphate, CuSO4 and Fe2O3, while in regions not accessible to oxygen the formation of Cu5FeS4, FeS and S takes place. From 440 to 500? oxidation and sulphation phenomena occur. Stable compounds between 500 and 650? are iron sulphate, CuSO4 and Fe4O3, with a minor amount of 6CuO.Cu2O indicated at 650?. After the decomposition of iron sulphate, CuSO4 decomposes, first to CuO.CuSO4 and then to CuO. By 750? the sulphur has been totally lost from all compounds, while the oxides of copper and iron partly react to form CuFe2O4. Final products of oxidation between 800 and 850? are CuO, CuFe2O4 and Fe3O4. 相似文献
7.
Hussain HH Babic G Durst T Wright JS Flueraru M Chichirau A Chepelev LL 《The Journal of organic chemistry》2003,68(18):7023-7032
We are attempting to develop novel synthetic antioxidants aimed at retarding the effects of free-radical induced cell damage. In this paper we discuss the design strategy and report the synthesis of seven novel antioxidants, including six catechols and a benzylic phenol. The bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE) for the most active (weakest) OH bond in each molecule was calculated by theoretical methods, as well as the BDE for the semiquinone radical. Reaction rates with the nitrogen-centered free radical DPPH(*) were measured in ethyl acetate. The log of k(DPPH) for bimolecular reaction correlated well with the primary BDE. The correlation between rate constants and calculated BDEs shows that the BDE is a good predictor of antioxidant activity with DPPH(*), suggesting that our design criteria are useful and that these compounds should undergo further testing in cell cultures and in animal models. 相似文献
8.
N-methylethylxanthocarbamate has been used as an analytical reagent for the determination of trace amounts of cadmium in standard alloys, biological, and environmental samples. The reagent has been found to form a water insoluble complex with cadmium. It is quantitatively adsorbed over microcrystalline naphthalene in the pH range 2.5 to 12.0. The metal complex is desorbed with HCl and cadmium determined with a differential pulse polarograph. The detection limit is 0.05 ppm (signal-to-noise ratio = 2) and the linearity is maintained in the concentration range 0.2–25 g/ml, with correlation coefficient of 0.9995 and a relative standard deviation of ±0.81%. Characterization of the electroactive process includes an examination of the degree of reversibility. Various parameters, such as the effect of pH, reagent concentration, amount of naphthalene, volume of aqueous phase, and the interference of a large number of metal ions on the determination of cadmium, have been studied in detail to optimize the conditions for its determination in various complex materials. 相似文献
9.
Spectrophotometric studies have been made to investigate the reaction of Nickel and Lead with 2-carboxy-2'-hydroxy-5'-sulfoformazyl-benzene (zincon) in 50%(v/v) ethanol-water at 25 degrees C and an ionic strength of 0.1 M NaClO4. A complete picture of the complexation equilibria in the pH range (4.2-12.0) for nickel and (1.9-11.5) for lead are presented. Simple, rapid, selective and sensitive methods for the spectro-photometric determination of nickel and lead has been developed based on the color reaction of their complexes with zincon. The methods allow the determination of 4.69 microg mL(-1) of nickel at pH = 6.3 (lambdamax = 665 nm) and 10.3 microg ml(-1) of lead at pH = 5.6 (lambdamax = 610 nm). The apparent molar absorptivities were epsilon = 1.3 x 10(4) L mol(-1) cm(-1) for nickel and epsilon = 0.6 x 10(4) L mol(-1) cm(-1) for lead. The interference of a large number of foreign ions and complexing agents has been studied. Thiosulphate, as masking agent allows the simultaneous determination of nickel and lead in the presence of high concentrations of copper. Ascorbic acid, sodium cyanide and or sodium fluoride provide the elimination of many other interferences. The methods have been applied successfully to the simultaneous determination of nickel and lead in an aluminium and non-ferrous alloy. 相似文献
10.
H.?Hussain H.?U.?Rehman Z.?AhmadEmail author 《Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology》2005,36(3):239-248
Nano-composites from aramid-silica system have been prepared via sol-gel process. Poly (phenyleneterephthalamide) copolymer
chains were prepared by reacting a mixture of p- and m-phenylenediamines with terephthaloyl chloride in dimethylacetamide used as solvent. The sol-gel process in the polymer
matrix was carried out through hydrolysis and condensation of a mixture of tetraethoxysilane and (3-glycidoxypropyl) trimethoxysilane.
The latter was used to develop linkage, on one hand with silica network structure using alkoxy groups and on the other hand
with aramid chains at its secondary amine groups through glycidal groups of silane. Mutual interaction between the two disparate
phases aramid and silica network was thus created. Thin films of the composites containing different proportions of silica
ranging from 5.0 to 25.0-wt% were cast by the solvent elution technique. The α-relaxation temperature associated with the
glass transition was measured by the dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. The results showed an increase in the glass transition
temperature from 328°C for the pure aramid to 352°C for the hybrid materials containing 25-wt% silica, an indicative of the
increased interfacial interaction between the two phases. Films having relatively low silica content were flexible and transparent,
but those with high silica content were opaque and brittle. These films were tested for their tensile strength, modulus and
toughness. The mechanical strength of the composites as compared to the pure aramid increased initially but with further addition
of silica the strength decreased. The initial increase can be explained due to increased interfacial interaction between the
two phases, however agglomeration of silica particles was responsible for decreasing strength at higher silica contents. 相似文献