Preparation of graphene/zeolite composites and the adsorption of pollutants in water

Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry - Based on the advantages of graphene and zeolite, respectively, the graphene/zeolite composites with core-shell structure were synthesized. The features of the...     

核壳Fenton催化剂CuFe_2O_4@PDA-Cu的制备、表征及其活化H_2O_2降解染料的性能

为得到新型高效多相催化剂,有效去除废水中的染料,以Cu(Ac)_2与CuFe_2O_4@PDA为原料制备了催化剂CuFe_2O_4@PDA-Cu.通过IR、XRD、XPS、UV-Vis、DRS技术对催化剂的性能进行了表征,考察了温度、H_2O_2用量、催化剂用量、pH值、盐等对催化活性的影响.利用HPLC测定降解产物,采用自由基捕获和抑制实验进行机理验证,发现催化剂是核壳结构.温度升高、pH值升高、H_2O_2和催化剂用量的增加均有利于提高催化活性;氯化物、硫酸盐、硝酸盐和磷酸盐不影响催化效果,溴化物和亚硝酸盐降低了催化效果.得到的最优降解条件为:T=30℃,催化剂用量10mg·L~(-1),pH=9,过氧化氢用量10mmol·L~(-1),染料浓度30mg·L~(-1).最优条件下催化剂可循环使用4次以上;甲基橙、茜素红和罗丹明B的去除率为100%;染料R0213、O0118和B0115的去除率大于60%.降解产物有草酸、马来酸和CO_2.甲基橙、茜素红和罗丹明B降解后COD_(Mn)=2~4mg·L~(-1).水杨酸捕获·OH生成2.5-二羟基苯甲酸,叔丁醇抑制染料降解.结果表明,催化剂可活化H_2O_2产生·OH,·OH攻击染料分子开环降解直至矿化.该研究为开发高效多相催化剂,有效去除废水中的染料提供了科学依据.     

The growth temperatures dependence of optical and electrical properties of InN films

InN films grown on sapphire at different substrate temperatures from 550°C to 700°C by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition were investigated. The low-temperature GaN nucleation layer with high-temperature annealing (1100°C) was used as a buffer for main InN layer growth. X-ray diffraction and Raman scattering measurements reveal that the quality of InN films can be improved by increasing the growth temperature to 600°C. Further high substrate temperatures may promote the thermal decomposition of InN films and result in poor crystallinity and surface morphology. The photoluminescence and Hall measurements were employed to characterize the optical and electrical properties of InN films, which also indicates strong growth temperature dependence. The InN films grown at temperature of 600°C show not only a high mobility with low carrier concentration, but also a strong infrared emission band located around 0.7 eV. For a 600 nm thick InN film grown at 600°C, the Hall mobility achieves up to 938 cm²/Vs with electron concentration of 3.9 × 10¹⁸ cm⁻³. Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2006CB6049), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 6039072, 60476030 and 60421003), the Great Fund of the Ministry of Education of China (Grant No. 10416), the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (Grant No. 20050284004), and the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China (Grant Nos. BK2005210 and BK2006126)     

A remark on the existence of suitable vector fields related to the dynamics of scalar semi-linear parabolic equations

In 1992, P. Polácik showed that one could linearly imbed any vector field into a scalar semi-linear parabolic equation on with Neumann boundary condition provided that there exists a smooth vector field on such that

In this short paper, we give a classification of all the domains on which one may find such a type of vector field.

     

Effects of Soret diffusion on the laminar flame speed and Markstein length of syngas/air mixtures

The effects of Soret diffusion on premixed syngas/air flames at normal and elevated temperatures and pressures are investigated numerically including detailed chemistry and transport. The emphasis is placed on assessing and interpreting the influence of Soret diffusion on the unstretched and stretched laminar flame speed and Markstein length of syngas/air mixtures. The laminar flame speed and Markstein length are obtained by simulating the unstretched planar flame and positively-stretched spherical flame, respectively. The results indicate that at atmospheric pressure the laminar flame speed of syngas/air is mainly reduced by Soret diffusion of H radical while the influence of H₂ Soret diffusion is negligible. This is due to the facts that the main reaction zone and the Soret diffusion for H radical (H₂) are strongly (weakly) coupled, and that Soret diffusion reduces the H concentration in the reaction zone. Because of the enhancement in the Soret diffusion flux of H radical, the influence of Soret diffusion on the laminar burning flux increases with the initial temperature and pressure. Unlike the results at atmospheric pressure, at elevated pressures the laminar flame speed is shown to be affected by the Soret diffusion of H₂ as well as H radical. For stretched spherical flame, it is shown that the Soret diffusion of both H and H₂ should be included so that the stretched flame speed can be accurately predicted. Similar to the laminar flame speed, the Markstein length is also reduced by Soret diffusion. However, the reduction is found to be mainly caused by Soret diffusion of H₂ rather than that of H radical. Moreover, the influence of Soret diffusion on the Markstein length is demonstrated to decrease with the initial temperature and pressure.     

流速比对颗粒在液固两相平板混合层中沉降的影响

本文采用流动显示的方法对平板混合层中上下层流体速度比对固体颗粒在混合层中沉降的影响进行了研究。实验中分别采用粒径小于 ４０ ｕｍ,粒径 ９８～１０４ｕｍ,粒径 １５４～１６０ｕｍ的玻璃微珠以及环氧树脂作为固相颗粒,对这些颗粒在速度比分别为１：１．２、１：２和１：２．８的液相混合层中的运动进行了显示。结果表明混合层中大涡结构对固体颗粒的沉降具有迟滞作用,其作用程度取决于混合层中上下层流体速度比。速度比越大,颗粒的沉降越慢。     

用改进的随机轨道模型数值模拟突扩液固两相流动

用改进的随机轨道模型数值模拟了突扩湍流液固两相流动。两相的轴向速度和湍动能的预报结果与实验符合得很好,同时还给出了不同计算截面上颗粒数密度和质量流量合理分布．预报结果对计算颗粒数敏感程度的研究表明：与通常的随机轨道不同,改进的随机轨道模型只需要很少的计算颗粒就可以给出合理正确的颗粒相分布。     

颗粒在大涡结构中的弥散

气相采用大涡模拟方法,颗粒相采用轨道模型研究了三维后台阶气粒两相湍流流动的大尺度涡结构的瞬时演变过程以及颗粒的瞬时弥散规律.比较了不同入流速度的颗粒在大涡结构中的瞬时弥散特性,尤其研究了高速释放大颗粒的弥散特性.三维流动中大尺度涡结构具有明显的脱离、发展、合并和破碎过程.小颗粒的分布受大涡结构的控制,其空间的弥散过程与流体 大涡结构的空间发展相一致,但是由于三维流动中大涡边缘和中心区的压力差,颗粒在大尺度 涡的边缘出现密集.而大颗粒在流场中的分布受其惯性控制,对气相的涡结构不敏感.高速释放到流场中的大颗粒受惯性影响最大,保持在其原有动量方向上运动.     

柔性作动器驱动的非线性系统随机振动的最优有界控制

柔性作动器具有低刚度、大变形等特征,这一方面使主结构具备了强的环境适应性,另一方面也使主结构易受外界微扰影响,从而降低其操作精度．本文以介电弹性体作动器驱动的单自由度非线性系统为研究对象,通过即时微调电压,抑制系统在平衡位置附近的随机振动．通过随机平均法降低系统维数,将原系统的控制问题转化为关于慢变过程的控制问题;结合随机动态规划原理及控制约束导出最优有界控制策略．该策略具干摩擦形式,具有能量耗散本质,在抑制系统振动的同时提高了系统的稳定性．数值研究表明：最优有界控制策略具有良好的控制效果、控制效率及较高的鲁棒性．     

掺Ni的ZnO粉末的Raman光谱研究

利用拉曼(Raman)光谱对掺镍(Ni)氧化锌(ZnO)粉末的声子谱进行了研究.在掺杂样品的Raman光谱中仍能观察到未掺杂ZnO的声子模式,此外还观察到两个额外模式.掺杂粉末中观察到ZnO的E2(h)模式表明掺Ni的ZnO仍然保持六角对称结构.652 cm-1额外模式的起源是掺杂引起的ZnO本底缺陷.为了查明544 cm-1处额外模式的起源,分别对掺Ni,掺钴(Co),和掺锰(Mn)的ZnO粉末的Raman光谱进行了对比研究.结果表明544 cm-1额外模式起源于Ni相关的局域振动模式.对光谱中的其他声子模式的起源也进行了讨论;同时还报告了利用325nm激光作激发源观察到掺Ni样品的多重纵光学(LO)声子模式的结果.