Surface thermodynamic functions of dilute solutions of methylcyclohexanols in ethylene glycol

Surface thermodynamic functions (surface entropy, surface enthalpy, and surface composition) of dilute solutions of 2-, 3-, and 4-methylcyclohexanol in ethylene glycol were obtained using surface tension measurements at various temperatures. Surface excess values and surface mole fractions were obtained from Gibbs equation and extended Langmuir model respectively. The results show that all methylcyclohexanols are surface active in ethylene glycol. The lyophobicity of solutes decreases with increasing temperature. The presence of a maximum point in the surface entropy diagram in all systems is explained by the formation of clathrate-like solvates at the surface of these systems.     

Effect of monomer and hydrocarbon content and polarity of the medium on the preparation of nonspherical particles via seeded dispersion polymerization in the presence of saturated hydrocarbon droplets

In this work, the preparation of micron-sized polymer particles with nonspherical shapes via seeded dispersion polymerization of 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate (EHMA) with polystyrene (PS) seed particles in the presence of decane droplets and evaporation of decane after the polymerization under various polymerization conditions was discussed. The effect of monomer and decane content and polarity of the medium on the shape of the obtained particles was investigated. The experimental results showed that decreasing the amount of monomer and hydrocarbon volume of PEHMA/hydrocarbon domains, the particles decreased but they grew symmetrically, resulting in symmetric shapes. Furthermore, it was suggested that because of changing the solubility of the oligoradicals and hydrocarbon in the medium, the shape of the particles changed with changing the polarity of the medium. With decreasing the polarity of the medium, solubility of the oligoradicals in the medium increases and bigger polymer domains form on the surface of PS particles which can absorb higher amounts of decane. All of these can contribute to an increase in volume reduction after extraction of PEHMA/decane, resulting in various particle shapes. Further decreasing in polarity of the medium leads to an increase in the solubility of decane in the medium and decreasing the absorbed amount of decane by PS particles and PEHMA domains, resulting in lower volume reduction after evaporation of decane.     

THE PREPARATION AND SOME REACTIONS OF 3-THIETANONES

Abstract

3-Thietanones have been prepared by treating certain ketones with thionyl chloride or sulphur dichloride. In the case of ketones containing a tertiary alpha proton the initial product obtained on treatment with thionyl chloride is the sulphinyl chloride which then cyclises to the thietanone.     

Synthesis of Polymer Nanoparticles in the Presence of Diatoms as Sustainable Bio-Templates

Colloid Journal - Preparation of complex nano- and micron-sized non-spherical particulate geometries still remains a challenge. One potential approach is the utilization of natural templates with...     

Exo/endo stereocontrolled synthesis of spiroindoloindolizidines by using classical and microwave conditions via the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction

Using both classical reflux and microwave-mediated conditions, a series of new spiroindoloindolizidines was synthesized by multicomponent 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides in unprecedented exo/endo stereocontrolled. Both conditions easily afforded two identical and separable exo/endo diastereomeric ratios of cycloadducts. However, the ratio of two diastereomeric products obtained from conventional conditions was reversed in all examined cases when the reactions were explored under microwave-mediated conditions. As expected, utilizing the microwave-assisted conditions produced higher yields and reaction rates compared to classical conditions. The structure and exact stereochemistry of synthesized cycloadducts were determined by applying various 2D-NMR spectroscopic techniques and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Finally, the mechanism of the reaction has been briefly investigated by using density functional theory (DFT) calculations.     

Synthesis,characterization and catalytic application of tributyl(carboxymethyl)phosphonium bromotrichloroferrate as a new magnetic ionic liquid for the preparation of 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones and 4H-pyrimidobenzothiazoles

Research on Chemical Intermediates - In this paper, tributyl(carboxymethyl)phosphonium bromotrichloroferrate as a new magnetic ionic liquid bearing acetic acid tags was synthesized and...     

4-Oxobenzo[d]1,2,3-triazin-pyridinium-phenylacetamide derivatives as new anti-Alzheimer agents: design,synthesis, in vitro evaluation,molecular modeling,and molecular dynamic study

Structural Chemistry - A new series of 4-oxobenzo[d]1,2,3-triazin-pyridinium-phenylacetamide hybrids 8a–p was designed, synthesized, and screened as the potential cholinesterase inhibitors...     

A novel one-pot synthesis of some new interesting pyrrole derivatives

[reaction: see text] 11-(1H-Pyrrol-1-yl)-11H-indeno[1,2-b]quinoxaline and 3-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)indolin-2-one derivatives have been synthesized in good yields in a novel, one-pot, and efficient process by condensation of 11H-indeno[1,2-b]quinoxalin-11-one or isatin derivatives with 4-hydroxyproline on solid-support montmorillonite K10 under microwave irradiation.     

Microwave assisted preparation of efficient activated carbon from grapevine rhytidome for the removal of methyl violet from aqueous solution

Grapevine rhytidome (the outer layer of bark on trunk), as an abundant and low-cost precursor, was used to prepare granular activated carbon with high surface area for the removal of methyl violet from aqueous solution. Microwave heating source was used to reduce the treatment time and energy consumption. To optimize the preparation, the effects of the different parameters, such as phosphoric acid concentration, acid/precursor weight ratio, impregnation time, microwave power, radiation time, and oven heating time on the ability of the samples for removal of methyl violet were studied. The obtained activated carbon was characterized by N₂ adsorption/desorption, SAXS, TEM and SEM methods. The adsorption of methyl violet onto the activated carbon was studied from both equilibrium and kinetic point of view and the results were compared with the commercial granular activated carbon. The rate of adsorption onto the prepared activated carbon was faster than commercial activated carbon. Different kinetic models were used to analyze the experimental kinetic data. The obtained activated carbon showed higher adsorption capacity (more than twice) for the adsorption of methyl violet in comparison with the commercial one. The equilibrium data were analyzed using different isotherm models. Adsorption was found to be maximum in the pH range 7-9.     

Synthesis of Dialkyl 2‐(Alkylamino)‐4,9‐dihydro‐9‐oxocyclohepta[b]pyran‐3,4‐dicarboxylates

Dialkyl 2‐(alkylamino)‐4,9‐dihydro‐9‐oxocyclohepta[b]pyran‐3,4‐dicarboxylates are prepared in a one‐pot three‐component reaction of alkyl isocyanide, dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylate, and α‐tropolone (=2‐hydroxycyclohepta‐2,4,6‐trienone). The reaction proceeds smoothly at room temperature and under neutral conditions to afford tropolone derivatives in high yield.