Eu<Superscript>3+</Superscript>-fluorescence properties in nano-crystallized SnO<Subscript>2</Subscript>-SiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> glass-ceramics

Fluorescence and spectral hole burning properties of Eu³⁺ ions were studied in nanocrystals-precipitated SnO₂-SiO₂ glasses. The glasses were prepared to contain various amount of Eu₂O₃ using the sol-gel method, in which SnO₂ nanocrystals were precipitated by heating in air. In the glasses containing Eu₂O₃ less than 1%, the Eu³⁺ ions were preferentially doped in the SnO₂ nanocrystals and their fluorescence intensities were enhanced by the energy transfer due to the recombination of electrons and holes excited in SnO₂ crystals. The SnO₂ nanocrystals-precipitated glasses exhibited the persistent spectral holes with the depth of ∼25% of the total fluorescence intensities of the Eu³⁺ ions. With the increasing Eu₂O₃ concentration, the amount of SnO₂ nanocrystals decreased and the Sn⁴⁺ ions formed the random glass structure together with the silica network. This structure change induced the fluorescence intensities and the hole depth to decrease.     

Insights into support effects on Ce-Zr-O mixed oxide-supported gold catalysts in CO oxidation

Au/Ce1xZrxO2 catalysts (x=0-0.8) were prepared by a deposition-precipitation method using Ce1xZrxO2 nanoparticles as supports with variable Ce and Zr contents. Their structures were characterized by complimentary means such as X-ray diffraction, Raman, scanning transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). These Au catalysts possessed similar sizes and crystalline phases of Ce1xZrxO2 supports as well as similar sizes and oxidation states of Au nanoparticles. The oxidation state of Au nanoparticles was dominated by Au 0 especially in CO oxidation. Their activities were examined in CO oxidation at different temperatures in the range of 303 333 K. The CO oxidation rates normalized per Au atoms increased with the increasing Ce contents, and reached the maximum value over Au/CeO2. Such change was in parallel with the change in the oxygen storage capacity values, i.e. the amounts of active oxygen species on Au/Ce1xZrxO2 catalysts. The excellent correlation between the two properties of the catalysts suggests that the intrinsic support effects on the CO oxidation rates is related to the effects on the adsorption and activation of O2 on Au/Ce1xZrxO2 catalysts. Such understanding on the support effects may be useful for designing more active Au catalysts, for example, by tuning the redox properties of oxide supports.     

Ce-Zr复合氧化物负载Au纳米粒子催化甲醇氧化反应中的载体效应

采用沉积-沉淀法制备了不同Ce/Zr比的Au/Ce1-xZrxO2(x=0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8)催化剂,研究了其催化甲醇完全氧化反应和选择氧化反应中的载体效应.通过X射线衍射、拉曼光谱、X射线光电子能谱、高分辨透射电镜、CO2和NH3程序升温脱附以及CO吸附红外光谱等手段表征了催化剂的结构、组成和酸碱性.结果表明,这些催化剂具有相似的载体粒径和晶相结构、Au担载量、Au粒径和价态以及相似的表面酸碱性等.在甲醇完全氧化和甲醇选择氧化反应中,Au/Ce1-xZrxO2催化剂活性均随载体中Ce/Zr比的减小而降低.与催化剂储氧量,即表面活性氧浓度下降一致.对于甲醇选择氧化反应,甲酸甲酯选择性则随Ce/Zr比减小而升高.这不是由于催化剂表面酸碱性差异所致,而是与催化剂载体中Ce含量降低导致的表面活性氧浓度减小和催化剂的氧化能力减弱密切相关.Au催化剂载体效应本质的认识将有助于为目标氧化反应设计具有更高活性或选择性的催化剂体系.     

Microplasma electrochemistry (MIPEC) strategy for accelerating the synthesis of metal organic frameworks at room temperature

Metal organic frameworks(MOFs) are a kind of promising materials in many applications,while the fast and controllable synthesis of MOFs is still challenging.Here,taking HKUST-1 as illustration,a microplasma electrochemistry(MIPEC) strategy was developed to accelerate the synthesis process of MOFs with micro-plasma acting as cathode.Treating the HKUST-1 precursor solution with micro-plasma cathode could not only transfer the electrons into the solution leading to the deprotonation effect,but also generate radical species to trigger and accelerate the nucleation and growth of MOFs at the plasmaliquid interface.Thus,uniform and nanosize MOFs could be prepared within minutes.The obtained MOFs show similar excellent uranium adsorption properties compared with those obtained by other method,with a highly adsorption capability of uranium with 550 mg/g in minutes.The novel MIPEC strategy developed in this work provides an alternative for controllable synthesis of MOFs,and especially has potential application in accelerating traditional organic synthesis.     

Temperature‐Induced Structure Reconstruction to Prepare a Thermally Stable Single‐Atom Platinum Catalyst

Single‐atom noble metals on a catalyst support tend to migrate and agglomerate into nanoparticles owing to high surface free energy at elevated temperatures. Temperature‐induced structure reconstruction of a support can firmly anchor single‐atom Pt species to adapt to a high‐temperature environment. We used Mn₃O₄ as a restructurable support to load single‐atom Pt and further turned into single‐atom Pt‐on‐Mn₂O₃ catalyst via high‐temperature treatment, which is extremely stable under calcination conditions of 800 °C for 5 days in humid air. High‐valence Pt⁴⁺ with more covalent bonds on Mn₂O₃ are essential for anchoring isolated Pt atoms by strong interaction. An optimized catalyst formed by moderate H₂O₂ etching exhibits the best performance and excellent thermal stability of single‐atom Pt in high‐temperature CH₄ oxidation on account of more exposed Pt atoms and strong Pt‐Mn₂O₃ interaction.     

壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇共混超细纤维的制备及紫外光交联研究

用静电纺丝法制备壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇的共混超细纤维,采用扫描电镜考察了纺丝液浓度、共混物配比、喷丝口内径对纤维形貌的影响.此外,为减少壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇纤维膜的溶胀变形,在上述体系中加入可光交联的单体二缩三乙二醇双甲基丙烯酸酯(TEGDMA)、引发剂2-羟基-2-甲基-1苯基丙酮(1173),对电纺纤维进行紫外光交联.结果表明,当壳聚糖与聚乙烯醇质量比为8:2的共混体系中加入占混合溶液质量分数4%的TEGDMA、0.12%的1173作为交联剂时,所得的无纺布纤维直径比较均一,平均约为200 nm,经光交联处理后其耐水性能得到提高.     

Color Point Tuning in Lu3−x−yMnxAl5−xSixO12:yCe3+ for White LEDs

A series of the solid‐solution phosphors Lu_3?x?yMn_xAl_5?xSi_xO₁₂:yCe³⁺ is synthesized by solid‐state reaction. The obtained phosphors possess the garnet structure and exhibit similar excitation properties as the phosphor Lu₃Al₅O₁₂:Ce³⁺, but with an effectively improved red component in the emission spectrum. This can be attributed to the energy transfer from Ce³⁺ to Mn²⁺. Our investigation reveals that electric dipole–quadrupole interactions dominate the energy‐transfer mechanism and that the critical distance determined by the spectral overlap method is about 9.21 Å. The color‐tunable emissions of the Lu_3?x?yMn_xAl_5?xSi_xO₁₂:yCe³⁺ phosphor as a function of Mn₃Al₂Si₃O₁₂ content are realized by continuously shifting the chromaticity coordinates from (0.354, 0.570) to (0.462, 0.494). They indicate that the obtained material may have potential application as a blue radiation‐converting phosphor for white LEDs with high‐quality white light.     

Counting bacteria on a microfluidic chip

This paper reports a lab-on-a-chip device that counts the number of bacteria flowing through a microchannel. The bacteria number counting is realized by a microfluidic differential Resistive Pulse Sensor (RPS). By using a single microfluidic channel with two detecting arm channels placed at the two ends of the sensing section, the microfluidic differential RPS can achieve a high signal-to-noise ratio. This method is applied to detect and count bacteria in aqueous solution. The detected RPS signals amplitude for Pseudomonas aeruginosa ranges from 0.05 V to 0.17 V and the signal-to-noise ratio is 5-17. The number rate of the bacteria flowing through the sensing gate per minute is a linear function of the sample concentration. Using this experimentally obtained correlation curve, the concentration of bacteria in the sample solution can be evaluated within several minutes by measuring the number rate of the bacteria flowing through the sensing gate of this microfluidic differential RPS chip. The method described in this paper is simple and automatic, and have wide applications in determining the bacteria and cell concentrations for microbiological and other biological applications.     

Aligned polymer fibers produced via an additive electric field

Electrospinning is known to be a highly versatile method to produce nanofibers, and several techniques have been developed to align nanofibers. In this paper, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP), poly(propylene carbonate) (PC), poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), PVA/Chitosan and PVA/Fe₃O₄ uniaxially aligned ultrafine fibers were obtained with electrospinning method by adding another electric field in the collection area. Alignment of the nanofibers was characterized by the use of digital cameras and field emission scanning electron microscopy, polarized Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and wideangle X-ray diffraction (XRD). The mechanism of fiber alignment was investigated as well.     

A tunable single-component warm white-light Sr3Y(PO4)3:Eu2+,Mn2+ phosphor for white-light emitting diodes

The photoluminescence properties and energy transfer of the Eu(2+) and Mn(2+) co-doped Sr(3)Y(PO(4))(3) phosphors are investigated in detail. Two main emission bands attributed to the Eu(2+) and Mn(2+) ions are observed under UV light excitation via an efficient energy transfer process. When the Eu(2+) doping content is fixed, the emission chromaticity can be varied by simply adjusting the content of Mn(2+). The study of the behavior as a function of doping concentration indicates that the warm white-light can be obtained in a single host lattice. Furthermore, the analysis of the fluorescence decay curves based on the Inokuti-Hirayama theoretical model reveals that the dipole-quadrupole interaction is mainly responsible for the energy transfer mechanism from the Eu(2+) to Mn(2+) ions in the Sr(3)Y(PO(4))(3) phosphor. The developed phosphor exhibits a strong absorption in UV spectral region and white-light emission which may find utility as a single-component white-light-emitting UV-convertible phosphor in white LED devices.