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Vogel N. Hoft H. 《IEEE transactions on plasma science. IEEE Nuclear and Plasma Sciences Society》1989,17(5):638-640
Minimum conditions for the formation of surface craters by laser irradiation were studied experimentally and theoretically for various metals. The critical power density for crater formation within 20 ns was about 1011 W/m2. It is therefore concluded that crater formation by ion bombardment requires an ion current density on the order of 1010 A/m2 相似文献
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R Bonfiglio RC King TV Olah K Merkle 《Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM》1999,13(12):1175-1185
A post-column infusion system was developed in order to analyze suppression of electrospray ionization (ESI) tandem mass spectrometry response in the presence of endogenous plasma interferences. By enabling direct detection of these interfering components, this experimental system was used to analyze the ability of several common extraction procedures to remove endogenous plasma components that cause changes in the ESI response of model drug substances. Methyl-t-butyl ether (MTBE) liquid-liquid, Oasis and Empore solid-phase, and acetonitrile (ACN) protein precipitation sample preparation methods were tested using the post-column infusion system. In all cases, ACN protein precipitation samples showed the greatest amount of ESI response suppression while liquid-liquid extracts demonstrated the least. In addition, the three test compounds, phenacetin, caffeine, and a representative Merck compound, demonstrated that ESI response suppression is compound dependent. Suppression was greatest with caffeine, the most polar analyte, and the smallest for the Merck compound, the least polar analyte. Copyright 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Samit Mandal J Gerl H Geissel K Hauschild M Hellström Z Janas I Kojouharov Y Kopatch RC Lemmon P Mayet Z Podolyak PH Regan H Schaffner C Schlegel J Simpson HJ Wollersheim 《Pramana》2001,57(1):161-164
Feasibility of gamma-ray spectroscopy at relativistic energies with exotic heavy-ions and new generation of germanium detectors
(segmented Clover) is discussed. An experiment with such detector array and radioactive is discussed. 相似文献
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We report measurements of non-linear charge transport in epitaxial (La1−x
Pr
x
)0.7Ca0.3MnO3 thin films fabricated on (100) oriented SrTiO3 single crystals by pulsed laser deposition. The end members of this series, namely Pr0.7Ca0.3MnO3 and La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 are canonical charge-ordered (CO) and ferromagnetic manganites, respectively. The onset of the CO state in Pr0.7Ca0.3MnO3 is manifested by a pronounced insulating behavior below ∼ 200 K. The CO state remains stable even when a large (∼ 2×105 V/cm) electric field is applied across the thin film samples. However, on substitution of Pr with La, a crossover from the
highly resistive CO state to a state of metallic character is observed at relatively low electric fields. The current-voltage
characteristics of the samples at low temperatures show hysteretic and history dependent effects. The electric field driven
charge transport in the system is modelled on the basis of an inhomogeneous medium consisting of ferromagnetic metallic clusters
dispersed in a CO background. 相似文献
5.
MA Freitas SR Dillon RC Dougherty AG Marshall 《Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM》1999,13(15):1622-1625
The self-chemical ionization of diethylzinc is examined by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometry and semiempirical molecular orbital calculations. Electron impact of diethylzinc neutral produces the radical cation, C(4)H(15)Zn(+) (m/z x 122), which reacts further with the neutral (C(2)H(5))(2)Zn to give the following product ions: Zn(+) (m/z x 64), C(2)H(5)Zn(+) (m/z x 93), C(4)H(9)Zn(+) (m/z x 121), C(4)H(11)Zn(2)(+) (m/z x 187), and C(6)H(15)Zn(2)(+) (m/z x 215). To determine the structure and pathways for production of these ions, monoisotopic (12)C(4)H(15)(64)Zn(+), (64)Zn(+) and (12)C(2)H(5)(64)Zn(+) were individually isolated and reacted with the neutral background. We also performed semiempirical molecular orbital calculations (ZINDO/1). The molecular orbital calculations and experimental data are consistent in predicting that the ethyl group on the diethylzinc cation carries the positive charge. Copyright 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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We present evidence for a nonsingular origin of the Universe with intial conditions determined by quantum physics and relativistic
gravity. In particular, we establish that the present temperature of the microwave background and the present density of the
Universe agree well with our predictions from these intial conditions, after evolution to the present age using the Einstein-Friedmann
equation. Remarkably, the quantum origin for the Universe naturally allows its evolution at exactly the critical density.
We also discuss the consequences of these results to some fundamental aspects of quantum physics in the early Universe. 相似文献
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We perform ab initio density functional theory calculations of the tunneling current through an electrode-molecule-electrode system with four different small organic molecules, benzenedithiol (BDT), benzenedimethanethiol (XYL), diethynylbenzene (DEB) and dodecanethiol (C12), sandwiched between two gold (1 1 1) electrodes. For the XYL molecule, we test the effect of alternate bonding types and sites. Although this reduces the current considerably, it does not account for the orders of magnitude differences between experimental and theoretical results in the literature. We also model a typical STM experimental setup with a gold nanoparticle absorbed on a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of the molecule with a gap between the nanoparticle and probing tip and show that such a gap could account for these differences. Finally, we describe the effect that the gap has on the ability of STS measurements to distinguish between the i(V) characteristics and thicknesses of self-assembled monolayers of different molecules. 相似文献
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Density functional calculations of the adsorption of ethynylbenzene on the Au(111) surface show that, after cleavage of the C-H bond, the terminal carbon makes a strong covalent bond to the surface. The bond energy is shown to be about 70 kcal.mol(-1) with the fcc hollow site being most stable and the molecule oriented perpendicular to the surface. Adsorption without elimination of hydrogen is also possible via a hydrogen 1,2 shift to form a vinylidene surface-bound species, or opening of the C-C triple bond and adsorption through the two carbon atoms in a flat conformation. The reaction energy for formation of the surface-bound vinylidene is estimated to be 5 kcal.mol(-1) exothermic relative to the isolated ethynylbenzene and gold substrate. 相似文献
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