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1.
Software failures have become the major factor that brings the system down or causes a degradation in the quality of service. For many applications, estimating the software failure rate from a user's perspective helps the development team evaluate the reliability of the software and determine the release time properly. Traditionally, software reliability growth models are applied to system test data with the hope of estimating the software failure rate in the field. Given the aggressive nature by which the software is exercised during system test, as well as unavoidable differences between the test environment and the field environment, the resulting estimate of the failure rate will not typically reflect the user‐perceived failure rate in the field. The goal of this work is to quantify the mismatch between the system test environment and the field environment. A calibration factor is proposed to map the failure rate estimated from the system test data to the failure rate that will be observed in the field. Non‐homogeneous Poisson process models are utilized to estimate the software failure rate in both the system test phase and the field. For projects that have only system test data, use of the calibration factor provides an estimate of the field failure rate that would otherwise be unavailable. For projects that have both system test data and previous field data, the calibration factor can be explicitly evaluated and used to estimate the field failure rate of future releases as their system test data becomes available. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
2.
J. Song H. Jiang Z.J. Liu D.Y. Khang Y. Huang J.A. Rogers C. Lu C.G. Koh 《International Journal of Solids and Structures》2008,45(10):3107-3121
A finite-deformation theory is developed to study the mechanics of thin buckled films on compliant substrates. Perturbation analysis is performed for this highly nonlinear system to obtain the analytical solution. The results agree well with experiments and finite element analysis in wavelength and amplitude. In particular, it is found that the wavelength depends on the strain. Based on the accurate wavelength and amplitude, the membrane and peak strains in thin films, and stretchability and compressibility of the system are also obtained analytically. 相似文献
3.
Nguyen Minh Chuong Bui Kien Cuong 《Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society》2004,132(12):3589-3597
A class of Cauchy problems for interesting complicated periodic pseudodifferential equations is considered. By the Galerkin-wavelet method and with weak solutions one can find sufficient conditions to establish convergence estimates of weak Galerkin-wavelet solutions to a Cauchy problem for this class of equations.
4.
Effect of the subdivision strategy on convergence and efficiency of some global optimization algorithms 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Hoang Tuy 《Journal of Global Optimization》1991,1(1):23-36
We investigate subdivision strategies that can improve the convergence and efficiency of some branch and bound algorithms of global optimization. In particular, a general class of so called weakly exhaustive simplicial subdivision processes is introduced that subsumes all previously known radial exhaustive processes. This result provides the basis for constructing flexible subdivision strategies that can be adapted to take advantage of various problem conditions. 相似文献
5.
Abnormal cilia were demonstrated in the lining epithelial cells of three cases of intraspinal endodermal (bronchogenic) cyst. The changes comprised a wide spectrum of ultrastructural abnormalities, including (a). cilia with abnormal axonemal microtubules, (b). swollen cilia, (c). compound cilia with or without excessive ciliary matrix, (d). naked cilia without limiting membrane, and (e). intracytoplasmic cilia and aggregates of microtubules. Of these, compound cilia and swollen cilia were most common. Cilia with dynein arm deficiency were not observed. Ciliary abnormalities found in the present study were very similar to those described in the bronchial epithelium of various diseases. The present findings suggest that the lining epithelium of intraspinal endodermal cyst shares similar ciliogenesis and susceptibility to abnormal ciliary formation as that of the bronchial epithelium. 相似文献
6.
Starting from the total Hamiltonian of an excited exciton–biexciton system, nonresonant renormalizations in the electronic spectrum of a coherently driven direct semiconductor are considered. Stringent group-theoretical inclusion of the particle spin in the Hamiltonian allows one to account for the dependence of different renormalization effects on polarizations of the incident laser fields. On the example of circularly polarized driving and probing pulses it is shown that the kind of observed renormalization is defined by the pump-and-probe polarization geometry. Thus, the exciton optical Stark effect must appear in the case of co-circular pump-and-probe, whereas a mixing of the polariton and biexciton spectra is possible only in the case of counter-circular pump-and-probe. The polariton--biexciton dispersion renormalization may manifest itself as synchronous splittings of the exciton--polariton and biexciton spectra under resonant pumping at a frequency of the polariton--biexciton transition, or in their shifts in opposite directions under near-resonant pumping. The mechanisms of both kinds of renormalization effects are analyzed, and the dependence of their characteristics on the pump parameters and microscopic parameters of the exciton–biexciton–photon system is established. An evaluation of the characteristics shows that the effect of polariton–biexciton dispersion renormalization dominates in the spectra of semiconductors with stable biexciton formation. Results of the theoretical study provide an adequate explanation of available experimental data. 相似文献
7.
Soluble catalysts for the Juliá-Colonna asymmetric epoxidation reaction have been constructed in three different ways, using NH2-PEG-OMe as the support system: suitable solvents have been identified and it is shown that the degree of helicity of the conjugates correlates with the extent of conversion and (to a lesser extent) the enantioselectivity of epoxidation. 相似文献
8.
Hoang The Ban Kei Nishii Yasuo Tsunogae Takeshi Shiono 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2007,45(13):2765-2773
This article reports a synthetic method for a norbornene–ethylene–styrene (N‐E‐S) terpolymer, which has not been well investigated so far, via incorporation of styrene (S) into vinyl‐type norbornene–ethylene (N‐E) copolymers catalyzed by a substituted ansa‐fluorenylamidodimethyltitanium [Me2Si(3,6‐tBu2Flu)(tBuN)]TiMe2 catalyst ( I ) activated with a [Ph3C][B(C6F5)4]/Al(iBu)3 cocatalyst at room temperature in toluene. The resulting terpolymerization product contained the targeted N‐E‐S terpolymer and the contaminated homopolymers, which were then able to be completely removed by solvent fractionation techniques. While homopolystyrene was easily extracted by fractionation with methylethylketone as a soluble part, homopolyethylene and a trace amount of homopolynorbornene could be perfectly separated by fractionation with chloroform as insoluble parts. The detail characterizations of a chloroform‐soluble polymer with gel permeation chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance, and differential scanning calorimetry analyses proved that it contained a true N‐E‐S terpolymer with long N‐E sequences incorporated with isolated or short styrene sequences. The homogeneity of the morphology together with a single glass transition temperature that proportionally decreased with the increase of the styrene contents indicated that the N‐E‐S terpolymer obtained in this work is a random polymer with an amorphous structure. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 2765–2773, 2007 相似文献
9.
John R. Peterson Tamara J. Winter Hoang D. Do Robin D. Rogers 《Journal of chemical crystallography》1989,19(1):135-145
Structural and conformational information obtained from the crystal structure and solution1H nmr investigations of the title compound are compared. The 4-aryltetralone, C24H24O10, crystallizes as a chloroform solvate in the monoclinic space group, P21/n, witha=12.519(4),b=17.938(6),c=12.534(9)Å,=111.90(5)°, and Dcalc=1.51 g cm–3 forZ=4. The data for this compound were collected at –150°C. Least-squares refinement of 2796 observed [F
o5(F
o)] reflections led to the final agreement index ofR=0.062. A threefold static disorder was observed for one of the carboxyl groups. The second carboxyl group participates in an intramolecular hydrogen bond and is thus ordered. The1H nmr spectrum revealed the title compound to exist as a keto-enol tautomeric mixture in solution. Vicinal hydrogen coupling constant analysis proved reliable in ascertaining B-ring stereochemistry of 2,3-disubstituted-4-aryltetralones. 相似文献
10.
Bui An Ton 《Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences》1988,10(4):351-366
Let g is a positive increasing function with 1?g(0). The existence of a unique solution of the Navier-Stokes flow associated with Kε,γ and the convergence of the solution to that of the Euler equations as the viscosity goes to zero are established. 相似文献