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1.
Hideaki Iizuka Shoko Watanabe Mayuko Koshikawa Yurie Matsumoto Yuki Aoyama Hideaki Ichiba Toshitaka Nabeshima Takeshi Fukushima 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2013,405(25):8137-8141
It has been reported that repeated phencyclidine (PCP) treatment induces schizophrenia-like behavior in mice. l-Tryptophan (Trp) concentrations in brain tissues of control (n?=?8) and PCP-treated mice (10 mg/kg/day, s.c., 14 days, n?=?10) were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection. The HPLC method involved pre-column fluorescence derivatization with (R)-(?)-4-(N,N-dimethylaminosulfonyl)-7-(3-isothiocyanatopyrrolidin-1-yl)-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (DBD-PyNCS). Eight different parts of the brain, namely, the frontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, striatum, hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus, hypothalamus, and cerebellum, of both groups were investigated. A significant decrease in the l-Trp concentration in the nucleus accumbens (p?=?0.024) and hippocampus (p?=?0.027) was observed in PCP-treated mice, suggesting that alteration of the l-Trp metabolism might occur in these brain parts. 相似文献
2.
The contribution of backscattered electrons (BE) to Auger electrons (AE) and secondary electrons (SE) was studied by depositing Be onto a polycrystalline or deposited Cu substrate. The effects of backscattering on SE and maximum escape depth of SE were obtained by using the so called δ-η method. This method was also applied to the AE and the effects of BE on AE were experimentally evaluated. The AE yield versus primary energy curve which was corrected for BE was compared with other experiments and theories and considerably good agreement was obtained. From this analysis, the excitation efficiencies of AE by primary electrons and by BE could also be obtained. The absolute AE yield of Be (KVV) was estimated by “area” measurements. The changes of plasma losses, the elastic peaks, the energy distribution of BE, and the true SE were also observed as a function of deposited film thickness, and the results are discussed. 相似文献
3.
An infrared-absorption band centered at 0.85 eV, which is below the big optical absorption at the charge-density-wave (CDW) gap energy of 1.85 eV, has been observed for semiconducting single crystalline Ba(1-x)KxBiO3. With substituting K for Ba, the spectral weight of the new band increases with x, while that of the CDW-gap excitation decreases. Since the impurity state with the K substitution is known to be nonmagnetic at low temperatures, Bi3+ the state with 6s2 electrons surrounded by the six Bi5+ ions forms a small bipolaron by losing a pair of electrons in the Rice-Sneddon model. The new band is assigned to a transition from the lower-Peierls band to a state of the bipolaronic point defect. 相似文献
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5.
Yoshiki Nakata Takuya Hiromoto Noriaki Miyanaga 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2010,101(3):471-474
Mesoscopic nanomaterials with a size ranging from a few nanometers to hundreds of nanometers were generated on a metallic
thin film by interfering femtosecond (fs) laser processing. Because the nanomaterials seemed to demonstrate liquid behavior,
we named their structure nano water drop. The structure is considerably similar to that of a real water drop observed with a high-speed camera. Using the phase shift
between interfering beams, a duplicate structure was generated. This is a new surface modification technique, using a top-down
approach. 相似文献
6.
Genki Odahara Shigeki Otani Chuhei Oshima Masahiko Suzuki Tsuneo Yasue Takanori Koshikawa 《Surface and interface analysis : SIA》2011,43(12):1491-1493
We observed in situ growth of a single graphene sheet on Ni(111) by low‐energy electron microscopy. The sheet was grown epitaxially beyond the steps on the substrate. The crystalline shapes of graphene islands were clearly seen; the straight edges of the island are crossed at either 60 or 120°, and the linear edges shifted perpendicular to the edge keeping the equilibrium shape. Graphene islands were united to form a single sheet without any grain boundaries and any wrinkles. The Ni substrate of several centimeters in size was covered with a single‐domain graphene sheet. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
7.
Maekawa Y Inaba T Hobo H Narita T Koshikawa H Moon S Kato J Yoshida M 《Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)》2002,(18):2088-2089
Radiation-induced reactions of cinnamic acid derivatives have been examined and compared with photoreactions in the crystalline state; all the reaction products were exactly the same as those of the photoreactions, indicating that the reactions proceed only via the lowest excited state to give [2 + 2] cycloadducts, E/Z isomerization products, or starting molecules. 相似文献
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9.
Hiroshi?SuzukiEmail author Gerald?G.?Fuller Tomoe?Nakayama Hiromoto?Usui 《Rheologica Acta》2004,43(3):232-239
Development characteristics of dilute cationic surfactant solution flow have been studied through the measurements of the time characteristics of surfactant solution by birefringence experiments and of the streamwise mean velocity profiles of surfactant solution duct flow by a laser Doppler velocimetry system. For both experiments, the concentration of cationic surfactant (oleylbishydroxymethylethylammonium chloride: Ethoquad O/12) was kept constant at 1000 ppm and the molar ratio of the counter ion of sodium salicylate to the surfactants was at 1.5. From the birefringence experiments, dilute surfactant solution shows very long retardation time corresponding to micellar shear induced structure formation. This causes very slow flow development of surfactant solution in a duct. Even at the end of the test section with the distance of 112 times of hydraulic diameter form the inlet, the flow is not fully developed but still has the developing boundary layer characteristics on the duct wall. From the time characteristics and the boundary layer development, it is concluded that the entry length of 1000 to 2000 times hydraulic diameter is required for fully developed surfactant solution flow.List of abbreviations and symbols A1, A2 Coefficients for time constant fitting [-] - B Breadth of the test duct [m] - C1, C2 Coefficients for time constant fitting [-] - D Pipe diameter [m] - DH Hydraulic diameter [m] - g Impulse response function [Pa] - H Width of the test duct [m] - n Index of Bird-Carreau model [-] - Re Reynolds number (=UmDH/) - ReD Pipe Reynolds number (=UmD/) - Rex Streamwise distance Reynolds number (=U0x/) - T Absolute temperature [K] - t Time [s] - ta Retardation time [s] - tb Build-up time [s] - tx Relaxation time [s] - tx1, tx2 Relaxation time for double time constant fitting [s] - t Time constant in Bird-Carreau model [s] - U Time mean velocity [m/s] - Um Bulk mean velocity [m/s] - Umax Maximum velocity in a pipe [m/s] - U0 Main flow velocity [m/s] - u Friction velocity [m/s] - x, y Coordinates [m] -
Shear rate [s–1] -
Mean shear rate [s–1] - n Birefringence [-] - 99% boundary layer thickness [m] - Solution viscosity [Pa·s] - P, S Surfactant and solvent viscosity [Pa·s] - 0,
Zero and infinite viscosity of Bird-Carreau model [Pa·s] - Characteristic time in Maxwell model [s] - Water kinematic viscosity [m2/s] - Density [kg/m3] - Solution shear stress [Pa] - P, S Surfactant and solvent shear stress [Pa] - Time in convolution [s] 相似文献
10.
Hiroshi Suzuki Tetsu Itotagawa Yuli Setyo Indartono Hiromoto Usui Norihide Wada 《Rheologica Acta》2006,46(2):287-295
Rheological characteristics of trimethylolethane (TME) clathrate–hydrate slurry treated with drag-reducing surfactants were investigated. Friction coefficients and apparent viscosities were measured when the concentration of TME and its hydrate fraction treated with and without drag-reducing surfactants were changed in several steps. From the results, it is found that the surfactant addition causes effective drag reduction in a pipe flow when the hydrate fraction becomes high, while effective drag reduction disappears in the cases of low hydrate fraction. The results of viscosity measurements indicate that the TME molecules disturb the formation of shear-induced structures (SIS) causing drag reduction phenomena. To investigate this interaction between TME and surfactant micelles, the effect of TME concentration on viscosity and relaxation time of solutions was discussed. From this, it was found out that there exists a critical concentration of TME on the formation of SIS and that it becomes larger as shear rate increases. Thus, we conclude that this interaction between TME and micellar structures causes less drag reduction for the cases of low hydrate fraction, while the drag reduction appears in cases of high hydrate fraction because TME concentration in liquid phase becomes small. 相似文献