Determination of BTEX Compounds in Solid–Liquid Mixing Paint Using the Combination of Solid Phase Extraction,Thermal Desorption and GC-FID

A novel method was developed and validated for determination of benzene, toluene, p-xylene, m-xylene, o-xylene (BTEX) in a solid–liquid mixing matrix. It makes use of solid phase extraction and thermal desorption (SPE-TD), followed by gas chromatographic flame ionization detector analysis (GC-FID). The trapped BTEX can be measured directly after thermal desorption onto the stainless-steel packed chromatographic column. The effect of tailing area of solvent was removed with the use of SPE-TD technique, and the result shows good reproducibility with very little matrix dependency. The study also supports that the lifetime of the Tenax adsorption tube could be extended over 150 desorption operation at 200 °C, which enables performing excellent stability and reproducibility of BTEX analysis.

     

A STUDY ON THE COUNTER-INTUITIVE BEHAVIORS OF PIN-ENDED BEAMS UNDER PROJECTILE IMPACT

The counter-intuitive behaviors of pin-ended beams under the projectile impact are investigated with ANSYS/LS-DYNA in this paper. It studies in detail their displacement-time history curves, final deformed shapes, energy relationships and projectile impact velocity ranges related to their counter-intuitive behaviors. The influences of the impact positions on their counterintuitive behaviors are also discussed. The results show that no matter where the impact position on the beam is, the counter-intuitive behaviors of pinned beams will occur as long as the impacting velocity lies within a proper range. Corresponding to the occurring of the counter-intuitive behaviors, the rebounding number in the displacement history curves of the beams decreases from a few times to zero with an increase of the impact velocity. The final deformation modes of the beam corresponding to the counter-intuitive behaviors will appear in symmetrical and unsym-metrical forms no matter where the impact position is; the impact velocity of the first-occurring of the counter-intuitive behaviors of the beam increases slowly with the deviation of the impact position away from the mid-span.     

Simplicity Beneath Complexity: Counting Molecular Electrons Reveals Transients and Kinetics of Photodissociation Reactions

Time‐resolved pump–probe gas‐phase X‐ray scattering signals, extrapolated to zero momentum transfer, provide a measure of the number of electrons in a system, an effect that arises from the coherent addition of elastic scattering from the electrons. This allows to identify reactive transients and determine the chemical reaction kinetics without the need for extensive scattering simulations or complicated inversion of scattering data. We examine the photodissociation reaction of trimethylamine and identify two reaction paths upon excitation to the 3p state at 200 nm: a fast dissociation path out of the 3p state to the dimethyl amine radical (16.6±1.2 %) and a slower dissociation via internal conversion to the 3s state (83.4±1.2 %). The time constants for the two reactions are 640±130 fs and 74±6 ps, respectively. Additionally, it is found that the transient dimethyl amine radical has a N?C bond length of 1.45±0.02 Å and a C?N?C bond angle of 118°±4°.     

庆祝中国化学会成立60周年——记高中化学课程研讨会

为了加强对高中化学课程的研究,促进教材建设和发展,中国化学会化学教育委员会和人民教育出版社、课程教材研究所于1992年7月31日至8月4日在云南师范大学联合召开“高中化学课程研讨会”。部分省市化学教研员、中学高级教师和北京师大、云南师大的教师以及人民教育出版社的课程教材研究人员共20名代表参加了会议。     

New protocol for synthesis of new nanomaterials with continuous 3D networks

Nanostructured materials are attractive to researchers because of their unique optical, magnetic, thermodynamic, electrical, mechanical, and chemical properties. Controlling the morphology of nanomaterials could provide structural systems for a wide range of technologies. As a result, the development of nanofabrication techniques that are convenient and offer design flexibility is the subject of many studies. In order to progress beyond the conventional morphologies, we have turned to hydrogels, which can serve as organic templates for nanoscale objects with continuous microstructures. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the obtained nanonetwork had a continuous microstructure, which was several microns in length and width, with a cross-sectional diameter of 5–10 nm synthesized from a 35-g hexamethylenetetramine solution and a 1.5 g Zn(NO₃)₂ solution, and the cross-sectional diameter can be adjusted from 5 to 200 nm by controlling the concentration of the Zn(NO₃)₂ solution. Our results also showed that the nanostructures based on a superabsorbent polymer template could be controlled easily in terms of size and morphology by changing the concentration of the reaction solution. This protocol could be easily extended to synthesize a variety of nanostructured materials with novel morphologies.     

Dynamics of alternating current electric field–assisted non-Newtonian droplet formation with geometry confinement

Recently, microfluidic techniques have been widely applied for biomaterial droplet manipulations due to their precision and efficiency. Many biosamples such as deoxyribonucleic acid and blood samples are non-Newtonian fluids with complex rheology, which brings challenges in control over them. The electric field is characterized by fast response and excellent adaptation to control microscale fluid flow. Here, we systematically investigate the alternating current electric field–assisted formation of non-Newtonian droplet in a flow-focusing microchannel with different sizes of channel orifice. The dependencies of flow conditions, microchannel geometries and electric parameters on the dynamics of non-Newtonian droplet formation are thus elucidated. An effective capacitance electric model is developed to reveal and predict the interaction between the fluid flow and the electric field. Furthermore, the flow field of non-Newtonian droplet formation is captured via the high-speed microparticle image velocimetry system. The characteristics of the regimes of droplet formation and the influences of the channel orifice are revealed quantitatively. Our work offers elaborate references to the control of non-Newtonian droplet formation, which benefits a wide range of applications in biology and chemistry.     

日本高中化学教育课程的改革

1989年3月,日本文部省颁布了新的高中教学大纲——《高等学校学习指导要领》,(以下简称“新大纲”)。新大纲的修订是根据1987年日本学校课程审议会的报告进行的,将于1994年起实行。     

时序控制预裂爆破参数优化及应用

针对白鹤滩水电站地下厂房的爆破开挖,为降低爆破对岩体的损伤,采用数值模拟与现场试验研究小孔径时序控制预裂爆破中,后爆孔孔间延期时间及后爆孔孔距对时序控制预裂爆破成缝的影响,从而获取合理的延期时间和最佳的后爆孔孔距。研究结果表明,孔径为42mm的时序控制预裂爆破,先爆孔孔距为35cm时,合理的起爆延期时间为75~100μs;综合考虑炸药爆炸能量利用率和成缝效果,最佳的后爆孔孔距为70cm。科学地采用时序控制预裂爆破不仅可以减小钻孔工作量与炸药用量,还能降低对岩体的损伤,可为地下厂房爆破开挖安全、高效的进行提供一条有效的途径。     

A Transformable and Bulky Methacrylate Monomer That Enables the Synthesis of an MMA-nBA Alternating Copolymer: Sequence-Dependent Self-Healing Properties

In this study, we designed a methacrylate molecule with an alkyl-substituted trichloro salicylic acid pendant as a transformable bulky monomer to enable the synthesis of an alternating copolymer of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and n-butyl acrylate (nBA). The adamantyl-substituted methacrylate monomer ( 1-Ad ) showed very low homopolymerization propensity in radical polymerizations, but afforded the alternating copolymer with nBA via copolymerization. The 1-Ad units in the resultant copolymer were quantitatively and selectively transformed into MMA via transesterification with methanol to yield the alternating copolymer of MMA and nBA. Its alternating sequence was clearly demonstrated by a structural analysis via ¹³C NMR spectroscopy as well as the low reactivity ratios for the 1-Ad and nBA pair. Finally, we verified the superior self-healing ability of the alternating copolymer compared to that of the corresponding 1 : 1 statistical copolymer.     

基于数字图像的不同倾角节理灰岩破裂模式及细观尺度破裂过程研究

为研究节理倾角对灰岩破裂模式及破裂过程的影响,使用数字图像对灰岩的细观非均匀性进行表征,采用岩石破裂过程分析系统(RFPA2D-DIP)对不同倾角节理灰岩的细观破裂过程及宏观破坏模式进行了研究.结果表明,细观结构对各倾角节理试样的力学特性和最终破坏模式有重要影响,含节理灰岩的弹性模量及抗压强度具有明显的各向异性,随着节...