全文获取类型
收费全文 | 5644篇 |
免费 | 727篇 |
国内免费 | 564篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 4352篇 |
晶体学 | 71篇 |
力学 | 215篇 |
综合类 | 49篇 |
数学 | 791篇 |
物理学 | 1457篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 6篇 |
2023年 | 42篇 |
2022年 | 108篇 |
2021年 | 157篇 |
2020年 | 154篇 |
2019年 | 193篇 |
2018年 | 178篇 |
2017年 | 142篇 |
2016年 | 271篇 |
2015年 | 265篇 |
2014年 | 335篇 |
2013年 | 401篇 |
2012年 | 453篇 |
2011年 | 477篇 |
2010年 | 344篇 |
2009年 | 325篇 |
2008年 | 419篇 |
2007年 | 368篇 |
2006年 | 321篇 |
2005年 | 286篇 |
2004年 | 255篇 |
2003年 | 259篇 |
2002年 | 277篇 |
2001年 | 227篇 |
2000年 | 135篇 |
1999年 | 102篇 |
1998年 | 64篇 |
1997年 | 40篇 |
1996年 | 43篇 |
1995年 | 34篇 |
1994年 | 33篇 |
1993年 | 29篇 |
1992年 | 17篇 |
1991年 | 17篇 |
1990年 | 13篇 |
1989年 | 11篇 |
1988年 | 15篇 |
1987年 | 13篇 |
1986年 | 10篇 |
1985年 | 15篇 |
1984年 | 10篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 11篇 |
1981年 | 9篇 |
1980年 | 8篇 |
1976年 | 4篇 |
1974年 | 3篇 |
1973年 | 5篇 |
1972年 | 4篇 |
1936年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有6935条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Kang Il Yoo Ji Yeong Jeon Su Jeong Ryu Giri Nam Hyewon Youn Eun Young Choi 《Experimental & molecular medicine》2015,47(2):e140
In allogeneic transplantation, including the B6 anti-BALB.B settings, H60 and H4 are two representative dominant minor histocompatibility antigens that induce strong CD8 T-cell responses. With different distribution patterns, H60 expression is restricted to hematopoietic cells, whereas H4 is ubiquitously expressed. H60-specific CD8 T-cell response has been known to be dominant in most cases of B6 anti-BALB.B allo-responses, except in the case of skin transplantation. To understand the mechanism underlying the subdominance of H60 during allogeneic skin transplantation, we investigated the dynamics of the H60-specific CD8 T cells in B6 mice transplanted with allogeneic BALB.B tail skin. Unexpectedly, longitudinal bioluminescence imaging and flow cytometric analyses revealed that H60-specific CD8 T cells were not always subdominant to H4-specific cells but instead showed a brief dominance before the H4 response became predominant. H60-specific CD8 T cells could expand in the draining lymph node and migrate to the BALB.B allografts, indicating their active participation in the anti-BALB.B allo-response. Enhancing the frequencies of H60-reactive CD8 T cells prior to skin transplantation reversed the immune hierarchy between H60 and H4. Additionally, H60 became predominant when antigen presentation was limited to the direct pathway. However, when antigen presentation was restricted to the indirect pathway, the expansion of H60-specific CD8 T cells was limited, whereas H4-specific CD8 T cells expanded significantly, suggesting that the temporary immunodominance and eventual subdominance of H60 could be due to their reliance on the direct antigen presentation pathway. These results enhance our understanding of the immunodominance phenomenon following allogeneic tissue transplantation. 相似文献
2.
3.
Caesium carbonate supported on hydroxyapatite‐encapsulated Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 nanocrystallites as a novel magnetically basic catalyst for the one‐pot synthesis of pyrazolo[1,2‐b]phthalazine‐5,10‐diones
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《应用有机金属化学》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Behrooz Maleki Samaneh Barat Nam Chalaki Samaneh Sedigh Ashrafi Esmail Rezaee Seresht Farid Moeinpour Amir Khojastehnezhad Reza Tayebee 《应用有机金属化学》2015,29(5):290-295
A novel nanomagnetic basic catalyst of caesium carbonate supported on hydroxyapatite‐coated Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles (Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4@HAP‐Cs2CO3) was prepared. This new catalyst was fully characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction and vibrating sample magnetometry techniques, and then the catalytic activity of this catalyst was investigated in the synthesis of 1H‐pyrazolo[1,2‐b]phthalazine‐5,10‐dione derivatives. Also, Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4@HAP‐Cs2CO3 could be reused at least five times without significant loss of activity and could be recovered easily by applying an external magnet. Thus, the developed nanomagnetic catalyst is potentially useful for the green and economic production of organic compounds. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
4.
5.
WANG Zhong HONG Haitao XIAO Hai SUN Changku MENG Yan YE Shenghua 《Chinese Journal of Lasers》1997,6(5):435-440
1.IntroductionAbsolutedistancemeasurementisfarfromanewtopic.However,itisstillafieldstimulatinggreatinterestsnowadaysduetoitSimportantroleinmanufacturingandassembly['J.SincethegreatsuccessachievedbyMichelsonandBenoitwhentheyfirstdevelopedaninterferometertodeterminethestandardmeterintermsofthemonochromaticredcadmiumline,theopticinterferometerhasbeenprovedtobeoneofthemostpreciseandefficientwayindisplacementmeasurementbecauseofitshighdiscriminationandsimplestructure.However,thetraditionalinterfe… 相似文献
6.
7.
Software failures have become the major factor that brings the system down or causes a degradation in the quality of service. For many applications, estimating the software failure rate from a user's perspective helps the development team evaluate the reliability of the software and determine the release time properly. Traditionally, software reliability growth models are applied to system test data with the hope of estimating the software failure rate in the field. Given the aggressive nature by which the software is exercised during system test, as well as unavoidable differences between the test environment and the field environment, the resulting estimate of the failure rate will not typically reflect the user‐perceived failure rate in the field. The goal of this work is to quantify the mismatch between the system test environment and the field environment. A calibration factor is proposed to map the failure rate estimated from the system test data to the failure rate that will be observed in the field. Non‐homogeneous Poisson process models are utilized to estimate the software failure rate in both the system test phase and the field. For projects that have only system test data, use of the calibration factor provides an estimate of the field failure rate that would otherwise be unavailable. For projects that have both system test data and previous field data, the calibration factor can be explicitly evaluated and used to estimate the field failure rate of future releases as their system test data becomes available. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
8.
9.
强流脉冲电子束在材料中的能量沉积剖面、能量沉积系数和束流传输系数受其入射角的影响很大,理论计算了0.5~2.0MeV的电子束以不同的入射角在Al材料中的能量沉积剖面和能量沉积系数,并且还计算了0.4~1.4MeV电子束以不同入射角穿透不同厚度C靶的束流传输系数。计算结果表明,随着入射角的增大,靶材表面层单位质量中沉积的能量增大,电子在靶材料中穿透深度减小,能量沉积系数减小,相应的束流传输系数也减小;能量为0.5~2.0MeV的电子束当入射角在60°~70°时在材料表面层单位质量中沉积的能量较大。 相似文献
10.
A Promising MoO_x-based Catalyst for n-Heptane Isomerization 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Song Hai CHAI Xin Ping WANG* Ying Jun WANG Tian Xi CAI State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology Dalian 《中国化学快报》2003,14(7)
The increasing demand for higher-octane gasoline and the regulations limiting the amount of aromatics in the fuel motivate the interest in catalytic isomerization of n-alkanes. In the last ten years, transition metal oxides or oxycarbides based on molybdenum or tungstate have attracted much attention due to their high activity and isomerization selectivity compared to the conventional bifunctional supported platinum catalyst and high resistance to sulphur and nitrogen catalyst poisons1-5. Ma… 相似文献